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Literary Arts
Aeta literary arts include riddles, folk narratives, legends, and myths
preserved through
oral tradition. Help with essay on Aetan Lit Riddles recorded among the Aeta of northern Cagayan province usually come in two
lines with assonantal rhyme (Whittle and Lusted 170)
Muminuddukam
A ningngijjitam. (Pinnia)
It wears a crown but isn't a queen
It has scales but isn't a fish. (Pineapple)
Assini nga pinasco ni Apu
Nga magismagel yu ulu na? (Simu)
There is a cave with a bolo in it
Full of bones it isn't a grave. (Mouth)
Ajjar tangapakking nga niuk
Awayya ipagalliuk. (Danum)
When you cut it
It is mended without a scar. (Water)
There is an Aeta creation legend which is also known to the Mangyan In the
beginning,
there was no earth, only a vast ocean. A winged king named Manaul escaped from
captivity under his bitter enemy Tubluck Lawi. After the daring escape, he
needed a
place to rest. Tired of flying continuously, King Manaul became angry against
the sky
and the ocean, who in turn retaliated with gigantic waves and ferocious winds.
But the
sky and ocean failed to punish Manaul because he was very light and agile. The
fighting raged on for years until all parties grew weary and gave in. King
Manaul then
asked for light, which was granted in the form of thousands of fireflies. He
asked for
counselors and was given all types of birds. Because of his hunger, Manaul ate
the
chicks, then the small birds. The remaining large birds, in turn, ate all the
fireflies.
Manaul felt insulted by the actions of his large birds and gave vent to his fury
against
the owls. He replaced their eyes with huge ones and obliged them to stay awake
all
night as punishment. Meanwhile, the king of the airangered by Manaul's
gluttony
in eating his counselorsreleased his wrath by stamping his feet and vomiting
lightning, thunderbolts, and winds. King Captan of the Higuecinas, the genius
among
the people of the sea, threw from the sky huge rocks and stones to crush Manaul,
but
missed. Thus land was formed (Eugenio 188-).
There are myths about the moon and the sun among several Aeta groups. The Aeta
of
Aparri, Cagayan look upon the moon as a deity and the companion of the star.
The
Mamanua also consider the moon sacred, and reduce bright fires while the moon is
rising. They make a lot of noise in order to frighten the serpent which is
believed to
have swallowed the moon or the sun during an eclipse. To recover the moon
during an
eclipse, the Aeta of Zambales also make a lot of noise.
According to the Mamanua, there was only one kind of people in the beginning.
Then
lightning struck the earth and set it on fire. Those who were singed black
became the
Mamanua. The Aeta of Capiz, Panay believe that their ancestor was the eldest of
three sons who was cursed because he laughed at his sleeping father. The sun's
heat
turned his skin black and his hair kinky. The Aeta of Bulacan tell the story of
a large
ape who stole fire from the supreme being named Kadai and set the world on fire.
The people who fled downstream became the Malays and those who were singed
became the Negrito (Maceda 164114, 11-10).
Performing Arts
Some of the musical instruments found (Kroeber 11) among the Aeta are the
flute,
the jew's harp made of a sliver of slit bamboo, a traded bronze gong, and the
bamboo
violin.
Instruments were documented in 11 by Norberto Romualdez (17) among the Aeta
groups. The kullibaw of the Aeta is a jews harp made of bamboo. The bansik
of the
Aeta of Zambales is a four-hole flute made of mountain cane. The kabungbung of
the
Aeta of Bataan is a guitar made of one closed node of bamboo, from which two
cords
are slit loose from the outer skin of the bamboo and given tension by brides. A
hole is
cut into the bamboo under the two cords for resonance. The gurimbaw of the Aeta
of
Tayabas has a bow called busog, a bamboo joint called bias, a string called gaka
made
from fibers of the lukmong vine, and a coconut resonator called kuhitan. The
aydluing
of the Mamanua is a long guitar with several strings, similar to the kudyapi of
other
Mindanao groups.
Garvan (16414) found flutes, the bamboo guitar, and jew's harp in
southwestern
Zambales; the long bamboo drums in western Pampanga; the nose flute in Tayabas,
Camarines, and Bataan; a bow-shaped instrument in northern Camarines; and a
bamboo
lute in midwestern Camarines.
The Agta of Peñablanca, Cagayan Valley in northeastern Luzon play several
instruments during weddings and festivities. The gassa are flat bronze gongs
which
may be replaced by metal plates or basins. These are struck by the hand and
usually
accompanied by bamboo instruments like the patagong, a quill-shaped bamboo tube
with a length of 4.5 centimeters and a diameter of 5 to 7.5 centimeters at the
node. At
the center of the bamboo tube, more than half of the bamboo is sliced away
according
to the vertical grain. The remaining section gradually narrows at the tip,
forming a
quill shape. The tapered tip shaped like a tongue is struck against two
patagong held
by the same player. It has a hole in its handle where the finger is placed to
change
pitch and timbre. The patagong is played along with the tongtong, a long and
slender
stamping tube, measuring 7.5 to 50 centimeters long and 5 to 7.5 centimeters in
diameter. Its bottom is closed by a node and the top is left open. It is
played by
striking the base on a hard surface (wood, stone, or cement flooring) to produce
a
hollow sound (Musical Instruments 1864-11).
To express sadness or lessen it , the Peñablanca Agta play the timawa, a 4.5-
centimeter-long musical bow made of a mature reed known as bikal. Its two
strings
come from a vine they call lanut. One end of the bow is placed in the player's
mouth
while he/she continuously strums the strings. The mouth serves as a resonator
for the
instrument. The player may also produce different pitches by changing the shape
of
the mouth or by blowing through the timawa.
In Palanan, Isabela, near Peñablanca, the Agta or Dumagat have a huge hunting
bow
called the busog which also functions as a musical instrument. Its body is 1.5
meters
long, made of a palm tree trunk called sakon, while the string is from a vine
called
dappig. To play the busog, one end of the instrument is attached to a winnower
laid
upside down on the ground serving as resonator. A tin or porcelain plate is
placed
between the string and the bow at the end, which is attached to the winnower.
The
player holds the bow 15 centimeters from the anchored end, while the thumb of
the
other hand strums the string rapidly.
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