How Does Exercise Effect The Heart Rate?

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How Does Exercise Affect The Human Heart Beat

Aim To find out how aerobic and anaerobic exercise affects the heart beat.

Introduction Respiration is continually occurring through out our lives, it may be taken for granted, but without the presence of respiration it would be impossible to survive.

Respiration is the breaking down of energy, particularly glucose, from the food we eat, either using oxygen (aerobic) or not using oxygen (anaerobic) to release energy that the body uses for various different processes.

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Aerobic respiration is the complex reaction in which glucose is broken down by oxygen. The glucose is broken down into carbon dioxide, water and energy. The carbon dioxide and water are disposed of in different ways, where as the energy is used to power muscles for thing like exercise, movement and growth.

Anaerobic respiration is the breaking down of glucose without the use of oxygen. With anaerobic respiration glucose is only partially broken down and the muscles produce lactose acid. This is why, in humans, anaerobic respiration can only happen for a short period of time.

As well as these two types of respiration there is aerobic and anaerobic exercise. During these two different types of exercise different types of the body are improved.

Aerobic exercise is exercising with oxygen. Whilst doing an aerobic exercise such as walking, running, cycling or swimming a person's heartbeat will be increased and there will be an increase in oxygen carrying red blood cells. Aerobic exercise builds endurance and burns away fat and calories.

Anaerobic exercise (exercising without oxygen) such as weight lifting or push ups, which use short bursts of energy and increase muscle mass and strength. As exercising without oxygen relies on stored energy the heart rate is not raised as much as when exercising with oxygen, this is because the blood does not need to pump blood to muscles as quickly because they will not being carrying more energy.

Aerobic exercise can be carried out for a much longer period than anaerobic, but after time aerobic exercise becomes anaerobic, this happens once the heart has reached approximately 75% of its maximum heart rate.

Both types of exercise will raise the heart beat, but I hope to find out, by doing this experiment which type of exercise, aerobic or anaerobic, will raise the heart beat more.

Method To test how much aerobic exercise raises the heat beat of a people, a person will take there resting heart rate, this is the heart rate of a person before doing any form of strenuous activity, for 1 minute using a stop watch, to make sure it is accurate. This will be recorded in a table in B.P.M (Beats Per Minute).

After their heart rate is recorded, the same person will jog up and down, on a flat surface, for minutes, as jogging has been defined as aerobic exercise. The minutes will be timed with a stopwatch.

After the minutes are up the person will take their heart rate again for another minute. The persons B.P.M will be recorded again, this is there heart rate after aerobic exercise.

This process will be repeated a further times, with different people each time, this is to make sure the results are more accurate because the same person may not have recovered to their resting heart rate.

To test how much anaerobic exercise raises you heart rate, a person will take their resting heart rate for 1 minute, as in the experiment to show the effects of aerobic exercise. After the 1-minute is up it will be recorded in B.P.M.

After the resting heart rate has been taken the same person will begin doing anaerobic exercise for minutes, being timed with a stopwatch. They will do 0 seconds of push-ups, then 0 seconds of sit-ups, then another 0 seconds of push-ups and finally another 0 seconds of sit-ups, with no break between the sets. Push-ups and sit-ups have been defined as anaerobic exercise.

After the exercises are complete the person will record their heart rate again for 1 minute using a stopwatch. Their heart rate after exercise will be recorded.

The test to find out the effects of anaerobic exercise will be repeated another times, with different people each time, to make sure the results are accurate and so that an average can be worked out.

Prediction I believe that aerobic and anaerobic exercise will raise the heartbeat from its resting rate. I also believe that the effects of aerobic exercise will increase the heartbeat on average more than the effects of anaerobic exercise. I believe this because aerobic exercise uses oxygen so the heart will have to pump oxygenated red blood cells to the muscles being used faster than it would during anaerobic exercise, because there is no need to pump blood with cells carrying low levels of oxygen to muscles when it is not needed.

Aerobic Exercise Resting Heart Rate (B.P.M)

Heart Rate After Exercise (B.P.M) Anaerobic Exercise Resting Heart Rate(B.P.M) Heart Rate After Exercise(B.P.M)

Person 1 Person 1

Person Person

Person Person

Conclusion I found out that aerobic exercise raises your heartbeat more than anaerobic exercise.

The results of this test support my prediction in saying that aerobic exercise does raise your heartbeat more than anaerobic. I know that this is because there is no oxygen being pumped to muscles during anaerobic exercise and that glucose is only partially broken down so the heart must conserve energy so it beats less. This is the reason why anaerobic exercise can only continue for short periods of time.

Evaluation I feel that my experiment went well as I have obtained enough results to come to a conclusion.

I think that my result are accurate as I repeated every thing times and have been able to draw up and average resting heart rate, heart rate after aerobic exercise and heart rate after anaerobic exercise. All my results follow a trend that is aerobic exercise has increased the heart rate of a person more than anaerobic exercise has, all times.

Having repeated every thing times and my results following a similar trend I belive makes my results reliable.

I don't think I had any anomalous results all though for test of the effects of anaerobic exercise the resting heart rate did not follow the trend of being under 65, this may be because either the person had just taken part in some strenuous activity or there may have been a mistake when taking the hear beat of that person, however anaerobic exercise still caused the heartbeat to rise above 80.

To improve my experiment I could have used equipment such as a heartbeat monitor, if it were available, to record a person's heart rate more accurately. Also if a person could have done push-ups for minutes with out having to swap to sit-ups I think this would have made my results more precise.

Using a heart beat monitor would also have given me the opportunity to expand my experiment, given me options to work out the speed of which the heart rate increased, because I would have been able to take the heart rate with out having to stop the experiment and allow time for the heart rate to slow down again.

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LEVI STRAUSS TIME LINE HISTORY

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Levi Strauss & Co. spans more than five generations of American and global culture. As a company, weve seen the world go from horse drawn carriages to the electric car, from the chaos of war to space, peace, independence and freedom, and from the telegraph to speed of light Internet communications.

In 00, Levi Strauss & Co. will be 150 years old! We can proudly say that LS&CO. makes the only garment created in the 1th century that is still worn today. And we still have the same youthful, attitude. This is our legacy and gift to the future. As you go through our site and read more about our astonishing history, stop a moment to think about a young, immigrant merchant named Levi Strauss, who started it all.

1th Century

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18

Levi Strauss is born in Buttenheim, Bavaria.

1847

Levi Strauss, his two sisters and mother sail for America, where they join half-brothers Jonas and Louis in New York. Levi joins their dry goods business.

185

Levi becomes an American citizen and sails to San Francisco to set up a small dry-goods house, which grows into a prosperous business over the next twenty years.

Levi Strauss opens his wholesale dry-goods business on California Street near the San Francisco waterfront. It moves to a number of locations over the next 15 years.

1854

Levi Strauss donates $5 to a San Francisco orphanage only one year after arriving in the city to open his dry-goods business. This is equivalent to approximately $100 U.S. and begins the companys tradition of sharing its prosperity with the community.

1866

LS&CO. headquarters are at 14-16 Battery Street, where they remain for 40 years.

187

Jacob Davis, a Reno Nevada tailor, writes to Levi Strauss, telling him of the process he invented to rivet the pocket corners on mens pants. He suggests the two men take out a patent on the process together.

187

Levi Strauss and Jacob Davis receive the patent for rivets on mens pants. They begin making copper riveted waist overalls (the old name for jeans) in San Francisco. The denim comes from the Amoskeag Mill in New Hampshire.

187

Levi Strauss donates funds to endow 8 scholarships at the University of California, Berkeley. These scholarships are still in place today. He also gives money to the California School for the Deaf and supports other local charities.

10

Levi Strauss dies at the age of 7. His nephews inherit the business.

Levi Strauss will contains a number of bequests to Bay Area charities which serve children and the poor.

106

The earthquake and fire destroy the headquarters and two factories of Levi Strauss & Co. The company extends credit to its wholesale customers so they can get back on their feet and back in business. Employee salaries are continued, and temporary headquarters and a showroom are opened in order to keep employees working. A new factory is built at 50 Valencia Street, and new headquarters are erected on Battery Street.

11

Simon Davis, son of Jacob Davis and the superintendent of the Valencia Street factory, invents Koveralls, a one-piece play suit for children.

115

LS&CO. receives the Highest Award for waist overalls at the Panama Pacific International Exposition in San Francisco. The company begins to purchase denim from Cone Mills in North Carolina.

11

Walter A. Haas Sr. joins the company.

10

A factory is opened in Frankfort, Indiana to make Koveralls, the first product sold nationally.

10s

During this decade, the assembly-line technique is adopted at the Valencia Street and Frankfort factories. In addition, the climate for selling denim products is unfavorable; the price of cotton drops sharply, rendering cotton garments subject to price reduction. Despite this, Walter Haas Sr. maintains the companys $5,000 advertising budget, as he feels advertising (in the form of billboards and painted signs) is crucial to the success of the waist overalls.

1

Daniel Koshland joins LS&CO.

14

Sigmund Stern, nephew of Levi Strauss, becomes President of LS&CO. His brother Jacob, who took over as President after Levis death in 10, is named Chairman of the Board.

16

Bonuses are given to the workers at the Valencia Street factory, possibly a first in the apparel industry.

18

The company registers the word Levis® as a trademark.

Sigmund Stern dies and Walter Haas Sr. becomes President.

10s

The Depression strikes and the demand for products declines. Workers at the Valencia Street facility are put on a short work week to avoid layoffs, and others are given non-manufacturing tasks such as laying the hardwood floors that are still in use today. At the same time, the company adopts the cowboy as its advertising and image-building icon, associating the rugged individualism of the cowboy (and his Hollywood counterpart) with the famous 501® waist overalls.

15

LS&CO. creates Lady Levis® the companys first blue jean for women.

1

Walter Haas, Jr. joins LS&CO

140s

During World War II, the design of waist overalls is changed due to government mandates regarding the conservation of raw materials. U.S. soldiers wear their Levis® jeans and jackets overseas, giving the products their first international exposure.

African-American workers at the companys California plants work in integrated facilities.

145

Peter Haas Sr. joins LS&CO.

148

LS&CO. discontinues its wholesale business in order to concentrate on manufacturing.

15

The Levi Strauss Foundation is formed to coordinate the companys charitable giving.

154

Lighter Blues casual slacks and the Denim Family line mark the companys entry into the sportswear business.

An Army colonel on an American base in Frankfurt, Germany bans military wives from wearing blue jeans, saying it reflects poorly on the U.S.

155

Daniel Koshland succeeds Walter Haas Sr. as President.

158

Levis® jeans are chosen for the American Pavilion at the Worlds Fair in Brussels.

Walter Haas Jr. becomes President.

15

Levis® jeans are exhibited at the American Fashion Industries Presentation in Moscow.

The company begins exporting garments to Europe and appoints an Export Manager

160s

LS&CO. opens its first southern plant. Located in Blackstone, Virginia, the company insists from its inception that the facility be integrated. This occurs before desegregation is mandated by federal law.

161

Clothing is exhibited in Paris by our French distributor.

16

LS&CO. receives President Kennedys E award for significant contributions to the United States export program.

Levi Strauss Europe is established.

16

Pre-shrunk Levis® jeans are introduced.

164

STA-PREST slacksthe first wrinkle free products are introduced. Levis® jeans become part of the permanent collections of the Smithsonian Institution.

165

Levi Strauss International and Levi Strauss Far East are established, beginning the companys expansion into Europe and Asia.

166

The company airs its first television commercial.

167

Levis® jeans are exhibited in Moscow, Prague and Warsaw.

Rock groups such as The Jefferson Airplane and Paul Revere and the Raiders record radio commercials for Stretch Levis® and White Levis®.

168

The Community Affairs department is established, formalizing the companys philanthropic efforts.

16-170

LS&CO. introduces bell bottoms into its jeans line.

LS&CO. renovates the Valencia Street plant and the surrounding areas, creating a community gathering place and contributing to the improvement of the community.

Peter Haas Sr. becomes President

170s

Corduroy and polyester round out the companys line of products.

The first Community Involvement Teams are formed at the headquarters office.

171

LS&CO. becomes a public corporation, and includes a statement of its values in its prospectus.

Levi Strauss Japan is established, marking the companys first official entry into the Asian marketplace.

17

LS&CO. establishes the Minority Purchasing Program.

17

Bob Haas joins the company.

174

Company headquarters move to a large office complex at Embarcadero Center in San Francisco.

178

A formal program is created at headquarters to assist LS&CO. employees when they retire from the company

181

Robert Grohman becomes President and Chief Executive Officer.

18

The Levi Strauss Foundation makes its first matching gifts to the Kaposi Sarcoma Clinic at San Francisco General Hospital.

18

AIDS support groups are first formed at headquarters.

The first Original Levis Stores® are opened in Europe (in Spain). Within eight years there are 57 stores throughout northern and eastern Europe.

184

LS&CO. is the official outfitter of the U.S. Olympic Team and the Los Angeles Games staff.

The 501® Blues television campaign is launched at the Olympic Games, leading to a resurgence in sales of the 501® jeans.

LS&CO. receives the Lawrence A. Wien Prize in Corporate Social Responsibility.

Bob Haas becomes President and Chief Executive Officer.

185

LS&CO. wins the Governors Committee Media/Advertising Award from the New York State Office of Advocates for the Disabled, for its positive portrayals of disabled people in the 501® Blues television ads.

LS&CO. completes the largest leveraged buyout in the apparel industry and the company becomes private again.

186

Dockers® Khakis are introduced in the United States. The company holds its first auction of celebrity-decorated denim jackets to benefit AIDS research and education at Barneys in New York.

187

The Mission and Aspirations Statement is crafted, beginning the process of creating a more empowered workforce, dedicated to excellence and open to change.

18

LS&CO. receives Harvards Dively Award for Corporate Public Initiative.

10

LS&CO. receives the German Apparel Supplier of the Year award, the first non-German and the first jeans company to win the award.

11

Project Change, an initiative to fight institutional racism in LS&CO. communities, is launched.

The first Original Levis Stores® are opened in the United States, in Columbus Ohio.

1

LS&CO. adopts the first known set of comprehensive standards for manufacturing and finishing contractors worldwide, dealing with wages, hours, working conditions, ethics and the environment.

LS&CO. becomes the first Fortune 500 company to offer full medical benefits to the unmarried partners of its employees.

Levi Strauss North America is formed to better coordinate the strategies and needs of the business in Canada, the U.S. and Mexico.

1

Business Ethics magazine names LS&CO. as one of three companies to win its Excellence in Ethics award.

Due to positive changes in South Africa, LS&CO.s South Africa Policy Group recommends that the company modify its policy to consider doing business in that country (if free, fair, non- racial elections have been held and a Government of National Unity has been installed).

LS&CO. offices in Europe help underwrite a major photojournalistic exploration of the impact of living with AIDS.

14

Levis® Dockers® are introduced in Europe.

Fortune magazine names Levi Strauss & Co. the most admired apparel company.

Vista magazine chooses LS&CO. as one of 50 U.S. companies providing the best career opportunities for Hispanic women. The magazine especially noted LS&CO. for its appointment of Patricia Salas Pineda to its Board of Directors. Pineda receives the magazines Corporate Achievement Award.

Employees at the Customer Service Center in Canton, Miss., are honored by the White House and Congress for their volunteer work in support of children and families in the Jackson and Canton communities.

Original Levis Stores® around the globe participate in World AIDS day.

15

Dockers® Khakis, invented in Japan ten years earlier as Docker Pants, are re-introduced to Japanese consumers.

LS&CO. places No. 1 among apparel firms for the third year in a row and No. 16 overall in Fortune magazines annual list of Americas most admired corporations.

Hispanic magazine names LS&CO. among the top 100 companies that provide the most opportunities for Hispanic employees.

Carl von Buskirk, President, LS Europe, signs a charter confirming that the affiliate does not - and will not - discriminate against employees with HIV or AIDS. The charter is issued by the Belgian government and signed by representatives of seven European companies.

LS&CO. launches its first site on the Web at www.levi.com.

Levi Strauss Japan sponsors the Rolling Stones Voodoo Lounge tour.

Clayman becomes LS&CO.s first global commercial for the Levis® brand and runs in countries on all five continents.

16

LS&CO. introduces the Slates® brand, a new line of mens dress pants.

Levis® Vintage Clothing is introduced globally. LVC is a line of authentic reproductions of clothing from the Levi Strauss & Co. Archives.

The Martin Luther King Jr. Center for Nonviolent Social Change presents LS&CO. with the 16 Management Award. The Union of Needletrades, Industrial and Textile Employees (UNITE), which represents several LS&CO. owned-and-operated manufacturing facilities, made the award nomination in recognition of the unique partnership between LS&CO. and UNITE.

17

LS&CO. receives the Organizational Award for a Large Business from the Centers for Disease Control.

The company also receives the Quality of Life Award from Auburn University.

18

LS&CO. celebrates the 15th anniversary of the invention of jeans.

Levi Strauss & Co. receives the first Ron Brown Award for Corporate Leadership. CEO Bob Haas accepts the award for the company at a White House ceremony conducted by President Clinton. LS&CO. is honored with this award for Project Change (see 11).

1

Slates® brand is relaunched to offer modern, intelligent style.

Philip Marineau becomes the new President and Chief Executive Officer of Levi Strauss & Co.

Bob Haas becomes Chairman of the Board.

A flagship Original Levis Store® opens on San Franciscos Union Square.

The Presence and Publicity Department expands the companys sponsorship of music events, such as Lauryn Hills Miseducation tour and the MTV Video Music Awards.

000

LS&CO. introduces Levis® Engineered Jeans™, the reinvention of jeans for the 1st century.

LS&CO. named No. in Fortunes Americas Best Companies for Minorities.

Levi Strauss & Co. sponsors DAngelo and Christina Aguilera concert tours.

00

Levi Strauss & Co. will celebrate the 150th anniversary of its founding and the 10th anniversary of the invention of blue jeans by Levi Strauss & Jacob Davis.

Bob Haas is the Chairman of Levi Strauss & Co. (LS&CO.) and the great-great-grandnephew of the companys founder, Levi Strauss.

Haas, 61, was named chairman in 18 and served as chief executive officer from 184 to 1. As CEO, Haas was instrumental in leading the company through a business turnaround that resulted in more than a decade of rapid sales growth and profit expansion. He led the successful effort to take the company private through a leveraged buyout in 185. In addition, he oversaw the creation of the Dockers® and Slates® brands, and spearheaded the companys substantial international development.

Haas joined LS&CO. in 17. He has served as marketing director and group vice president of Levi Strauss International, director of corporate marketing development, senior vice president of corporate planning and policy, president of the operating groups and executive vice president and chief operating officer of the company.

http//www.levistrauss.com

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Jaunita!

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John Kennedy A Political Profile

"A serious, meaty, objective study of a glamorous political figure....tremendously readable" - Mary McGrory, Washington Star is an accurate review of this book. James Macgreggor Brun's book John Kennedy A Political Profile describes John. F Kennedy's pre-presidential life, career, and the decisions he had to make in his early political career.

One point the author makes is John F. Kennedys childhood. John F. Kennedy was born on May th, 117. John F. Kennedy attends Choate, prestigious Connecticut boarding school, in John F. Kennedy John F. Kennedy enrolls in Princeton and drops out due to an illness in 15. John F. Kennedy then attends Harvard for four years.

The author also makes a point about John F. Kennedys role in World War II John F. Kennedy joined the navy in 141 and eventually became a PT boat Captain. A Japanese destroyer rammed the boat in August 14. John F Kennedy's boat was severely damaged. Two men were killed and the rest tried to stay afloat by holding on to pieces of the boat. John F. Kennedy led his men on a grueling swim to a nearby island. He received the Purple Heart, as well as the Navy and Marine Corps Medal

Another Point the author makes is John F. Kennedy's stand on McCarthyism .In February 150, Joseph McCarthy made a speech in which he declared over two hundred employees of the State Department were members of the Communist Party. That speech began the era of "McCarthyism". John F. Kennedy failed to take a strong position against McCarthyism, which angered Liberals because they said John F. Kennedy was evading a difficult issue

A final important point made by James Macgreggor Brun is that John F. Kennedy resolved the problem of separation of church and state. During the Late 150's Catholicism caused controversy in America. John F. Kennedy, being a catholic, made speeches in which he asserted that his faith would not interfere with his presidency, which insured that Church and State would remain separate.

In my opinion, this book is biased. Most of the research was interviews with Senator John F. Kennedy, family members, aides, and friends. This book was published in 160, before John F. Kennedy was gfdgdfdg, and some of the more controversial things John F. Kennedy had done were not yet revealed. Consequently, this portrays John F. Kennedy as a "glamorous" person. Also judging by the way the Author uses words such as "blarney" and "Yankees" in the first chapters, I believe this may imply that he is Irish, which I think creates a small bias.

During this reading I learned more in-depth details about John F. Kennedys political career before he became president. Such as, he defeated Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. to become Senator of Massachusetts, which he served for two terms. He was also in the House of Representatives for three terms. I did not know that he was diagnosed with Addison's Disease, a fatal condition that involves the impairment of the adrenal glands and the weakening of the immune system. His condition was kept secret from the public.

I would not recommend this book because it is outdated. There are several reasons, one is that the book mentions nothing of John F. Kennedys more controversial things such as his womanizing. Second the book was published before he entered his presidency and third that it does not talk about his death. Also the book takes awhile for it to get interesting.

My Opinion has not changed after reading this book. I already had knowledge of John F. Kennedy's life and political career before, which influenced why my opinion stayed the same. In this book nothing really bad is said about John F. Kennedy because the public knew very little and the press was keeping it under wraps, unlike today. If there would have been more controversial things talked about in this book, then I think my opinion would have changed but my opinion has stayed the same.

"Charismatic leadership can be dangerous and may demand too much trust, blind faith, and dependence on a father image." p. 17 This was the most memorable quote because I think it describes John F. Kennedy wonderfully. He was a very charismatic person and he used that to his advantage when running for offices. He also had an image that he tried to maintain and that is why many things about his personal life were with held from the public.

In conclusion, John Kennedy A Political Profile by James MacGregor Bruns describes John. F Kennedy's the ways in which Kennedy dealt with different political situations, pre-presidential life and career.

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Poop

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Webster defines friend as one who entertains for another such sentiments of esteem, respect, and affection; a well-wisher; an intimate associate; sometimes, an attendant. Sounds good right? But then again, how do you define what a best friend is. I mean, think about it, people everyday, unconscious of what it really means, throw around that label. I guess the only way to give a good understanding of why I feel so passionate about this is to tell a story about an amazing human being.

I set out to write this auto-biography thinking that I know this girl so well, that its going to be a piece of cake. But think about it, have you ever sat down and tried to put into words what your best friend really means to you? This was going to prove harder than I thought. I'm not going to hold anything back though; this will be the unabridged diary of that person.

I'll have to take you way back to the summer of 001. I had decided to come up and visit my friends Marra and Melissa for a couple of days, not knowing that I would meet a person that would change my life. We decided to go to a bar known as "White Trash." We walked out on the back deck and I was immediately drawn to one person. I sat down next to her, and we were introduced. I remember having a huge crush on her thus making me extremely nervous. The experience was mainly small talk, and an occasional cigarette getting mooched off of me, but to be honest, it was probably one of the best days of my life. This was the day I met Jessica Schmidt.

Wait a minute; maybe I should back up here. You're probably wondering who this person I'm talking about is. I could sum it all up and just say that she is the most beautiful person in the world. But no, I think, for yours and her sake, she needs to hear some sincere words about her, and what she means to the people around her. If you know Jessica Schmidt, then you know what its like to laugh your ass off. I think before anything can be said about her, you have to know that this girl a comic genius. I've never met anyone who could look at me with a strait face and make me laugh hysterically. It's got to be a gift. Or maybe it's because the woman has no shame whatsoever. Case in point, she can make taking a shit funny. I mean, this girl has an arsenal of goofy faces, ridiculous catch fraises, almost painful to watch dances, and a new laugh everyday. Add the aid of alcohol and you have a deadly combination. It's almost too hard to pinpoint one funniest moment. Probably her claim to fame would be her alter ego Salley O'Malley. You know the skit on SNL…"I'm fifty years old!" Well she takes it to another level by doing it in public after downing shot after shot of Sambuca. Shouting out phrases like "I KICK…STRETCH…AND I KICK…I'M FIFTY YEARS OLD PEOPLE!" Most people stare at her like she's a retard, but her inner circle of friends end up on the verge of pissing their pants from laughter. I really don't think I could go the rest of my life without her humor and infectious laugh.

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A friend in need is a friend indeed, right? Well Jessica must be the greatest friend of all time if that saying is true. I honestly don't think Jess can survive without her friends, but who can anyway. On the other hand, you have to understand that Jessica gives back in other ways. Her friendship alone is priceless, and you know that she does appreciate everything you do for her. I may complain at times, but deep down, I would do anything that girl asked me.

You probably want to know what this chick looks like too. Now this is where I get stumped. I really can't find a good word to describe her physically. Ok, well, here goes. We'll start at the top. Jessica's hair color changes as much as her interests in guys do. One day it'll be blonde, the next it'll be dark brown and done up like she's going to the prom. I myself am partial to blondes, so when she is one, she looks that much better, but who am I kidding, Jess would be beautiful with blue hair. Next we move to the eyes. Big and beautiful green eyes, but only beautiful when she's not making the lazy eye face. Trust me you don't want to see it. Moving down, you come across her big lips, wait that didn't sound to good did it? Anyway…aside from that, she has the most beautiful smile I've ever seen. It lights up any room and you can't help but smile too. I could go on and on about what's below the neck, but this is a short story remember. Lets just say that her body is absolutely perfect, in my eyes at least. You can't give a description without talking about her toes. I give jess a lot of shit about them, only because I know she gets mad. Whether you think they look like fingers or not, she has the cutest feet. Just don't ever smell them! But on a more serious note, Jessica is truly one of the most beautiful girls I've ever seen. I only hope that one day I find a girl that posses the same outer beauty that she has.

It kind of sounds like Jess and I are a couple, and I can't help but think back to that movie "When Harry Met Sally." I'd be lying if I said I'm not attracted to her and at one point might have had feelings for her, but you see, our friendship is why I'm writing this. We have that Will and Grace kind of relationship, accept her boobs are bigger and I'm not gay. There's this other guy who has been there from the start though. Don't get me wrong, she is by far the biggest flirt on the planet, but no matter what happens, or how many hundreds of times they seem to break up, they always seem to have this connection. I just don't think Justin knows how lucky of a guy he is. Honestly though, I only feel comfortable when those two are together, if someone else were to step in it would seem too weird. I want nothing more than for her to find someone in life that gives her everything she wants. She's been through a lot and she deserves it. On the other hand, I also want her to sometimes slow down and mature a little in that category and learn to compromise in relationships and accept people's flaws. Maybe I'm wrong though, it's the one thing I've yet to figure out about her.

I'm at the point where I feel like I'm leaving something out about her. I could go on and on telling stories about her and little aspects of what makes her special, but then I'd have to be commissioned to write a novel. Jessica is bar far the most special person I, as well as many others, have ever encountered. We are coming to the end of our careers as college students, and our paths will most likely go in different directions. No matter how far apart or how much time passes between us seeing each other, she will always hold a very special place in my heart. It goes without saying, that we will never be fully apart forever; hell I'd die if that happened. I never had a best friend up until I met her, but when I did finally meet her, my life changed and I acquired someone in my life that I knew I could count on for anything, whether it was advice, or a place to crash at after a long night at the bar. I want her to know that she is a special person, and my best friend. There's that label again, "best friend." I didn't quite know what it meant at first, but now I do. It means more than lending a few dollars, or giving good advice, or even giving a shoulder to cry on. It means to me at least, I would die for that girl. Jess, you are the most beautiful person I've ever met, inside and out. Always my best friend.

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Australias current account deficit

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Short Essay on the play The house of Benarda Alba

Federico Garcia Lorcas last play, completed in 16 just weeks before his brutal murder, depicts a reclusive household of eight women sequestered by Andalusian codes of honour.

This short play is set in rural Spain at the turn of this century. The characters, all women, exist in a cloistered household managed by a newly widowed mother of five daughters. Under the shadow of the church and the tyranny bred from a need to protect the reputation of the family, the matron (Bernarda Alba) represses her daughters by enforcing an eight year mourning period. The tensions build rapidly among the imprisoned women, with a demented grandmother playing a role resembling that of a Greek chorus. Eventually, the natural spirits of the daughters circumvent Bernarda, but the result is violence and a suicide.

The powerful features of this work include its terse dialogue, rapidly built tensions which are relentlessly sustained until the dramatic climax, and the hint of madness and impending chaos which informs the behavior of the characters in conflict. This is a study in family relationships under the strain of culturally and socially imposed taboos regarding sexuality and the self-determination of women.

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Federico Garcia Lorca finished his great play about the widowed matriarch and her five downtrodden daughters just two months before his murder by Francos fascists.

It is impossible not to see in the story of Bernarda Alba, who rules her daughters and her servants with an iron rod, as a metaphor for Spanish society locked in outdated codes of honour - easy prey for the dictator. You imagine that Lynn Farleighs seriously scary Bernarda Alba, who barks at her bereaved children Less wailing, more work, could easily conquer Europe in an afternoon and still be home in time for tea

Auriol Smiths production, with a new translation by Rebecca Morahan, not only suggests this but shows how the downtrodden collude in their own oppression. There is no sisterhood among sisters here, only envy fuelled by despair as they realise that only the oldest, Angustias, now wealthy through their fathers will, has any chance of marriage and escape. You will behave as if the walls and windows had been sealed with bricks, says Bernarda Alba, announcing eight years of mourning. In fact, these women have already walled themselves up.

Please note that this sample paper on Australias current account deficit is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Australias current account deficit, we are here to assist you. Your cheap college papers on Australias current account deficit will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Thurgood Marshall

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Thurgood Marshall

Born July , 108 to an interracial family, and as the grandson of a slave, Thurgood Marshall was destined to face the hardships of being a black American. He was able to overcome the difficulties of growing up in his time and became one of the most influential figures in the history of civil rights, yet he is often overlooked in the most popular accounts of the movement.

His childhood in Baltimore, Maryland was surrounded by the community's outcry for equality. They had fought for equal rights since the civil war and worked hard to establish their own schools so they could teach their children their own values. His father, William Marshall had instilled in him from an early age a great appreciation for the constitution and the rule of law.

Marshall graduated with honors from the historically black Lincoln University in 10 then applied to the University of Maryland Law School but was denied acceptance because he was black. That same year he was accepted to Howard University Law School where he graduated as valedictorian in 1. Help with essay on Thurgood Marshall Shortly after graduating, Marshall won his first major case when he sued the University of Maryland for not accepting a black Amherst University graduate who clearly qualified for admission. In 14 Marshall started working for the Baltimore branch of the NAACP and won of the major cases he fought. In 154 Marshall won the crucial case of Brown versus Board of Education of Topeka ending the separation of black and white students in public schools. This victory spurred the civil rights movement of the 160's and increased the number of black high school and college graduates.

President Kennedy appointed Marshall to the US Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit in 161 and he became circuit judge. All 11 rulings he made were ultimately upheld by the Supreme Court. Lyndon Johnson appointed Marshall US Solicitor General in 165 and he won 14 of the 1 cases he argued for the government. In 167 Marshall became the first African American to serve on the Supreme Court. Marshall retired from the Supreme Court in 11 at the age of 8 and died two years later.

Thurgood Marshall overcame the color barriers throughout his career, breaking the line between black and white in housing, transportation, voting and education. He disagreed with the methods of his peers like Malcolm X, who supported violent overthrow of the government and Martin Luther King Jr. who preferred to march in peaceful protest. He worked in the interest of black Americans to build a society where black and white are equal in the eyes of the law.

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Media violence

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Violence in the media has been popular since the beginning of television. Police shows and westerns have been entertaining us with gunfights and car chases since we were children. Now, because of the recent school shootings and other teen violence, the blame has been placed on television. Politicians like Bill Clinton and Al Gore have asked entertainment companies and television stations to tone the violence down. There is only so much that can be done though. The violence in many shows like wrestling and horror flicks have already been calmed down and pushed back to later hours, to keep smaller children from watching them. There is only so much that can be done, without totally stopping media violence. While many people have been asking for a change in the rating system, nothing is being done. One of the reasons for this is because the entertainment industry is large and very influential. Another reason is that even though there may be an abundance of numbers documenting the amount of violence children see but no one can tell whether it has a direct effect on them or not. Even though cases of children imitating wrestling moves have been documented, there is nothing showing that they intend to hurt the other person.

Most people simply watch the shows and understand that it is just entertainment. Even though some school shootings have been linked to the media, none of the shooters have ever said that they did it because of a movie, video games, or music. Also, there has never been a case where the defense uses a movie or television show as a defense.

Another possible reason for the media being linked to society's violence is because of the way television is viewed these days. Back when society was more family-oriented, parents would sit down with their kids and watch TV. If there was something that was violent or that sent a negative message on parents could explain the difference between right and wrong, reality and make-believe. They could guide their children and tells them what is bad and what is good. Now with both parents working, and working later hours, kids are left home alone. Without any supervision, kids are able to watch anything they want. They may watch some violent shows without anyone there to monitor them. This is what is causing the recent trend of violence, not just the images in the media. With proper monitoring and teaching good interaction skills, kids could watch just about anything without becoming violent. Schools could also start programs that teach the difference

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Many times, the students who become school shooters, are the ones that have problems. There has been evidence that the two shooters of Columbine were students that got made fun of and bullied on a daily basis by more popular students, just for being different (dailybeacon.utk.edu/ article.php/8). It is also the kids that suffer from physical, verbal, and sexual abuse that tend to grow up to be more violent.

It is believed that the media has many effects on younger viewers. There are four different effects of media violence Direct, Desensitization, Mean World Syndrome, and Catharsis(www.mediaknowall.com/violence.html). The direct effect is that watching a lot of violence in the media may cause children and adults to demonstrate more aggressive behavior themselves, or they may have more approving attitudes towards the use of violence to resolve conflicts.

Desensitization is when exposure to media violence may mean children in particular become less sensitive to violence occurring around them, and less sensitive to the pain and suffering that violence causes to others. They also have less sensitive views on "acceptable" levels of

violence in society, which means they are prepared to tolerate more.

The Mean World Syndrome is when watching large amounts of violence on TV may lead children and adults to believe that the real world contains this amount of pain and violence, and therefore they begin to view their environment as a mean and dangerous place. They may be more fearful of becoming a victim of violence.

Catharsis is a potentially positive effect, where exposure to media violence may result in reduce aggression in viewers.

There is kind-of a balance between the effects of violence in the media. With proper education in people skills and how to react in real-life situations, there can be little or no effect from the violence in the media.

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Acid Rain

If you order your research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Acid Rain. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Acid Rain paper right on time.

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Are You Informed About Acid Rain?

"Acid rain is simply rain which is acidic. The rain becomes acidic because of gases which dissolve in the rain water to form various acids. Rain is naturally slightly acidic and thus it has a pH of around 6.0 and in some parts of the world it can be as low as 4.0 (this is typical around volcanoes, where the Sulphur dioxide and hydrogen Sulphide form Sulphuric acid in the rain).Before the Industrial Revolution, the pH of rain was generally between 5 and 6, so the term acid rain is now used to describe rain with a pH below 5.

Acid rain is a broad term used to describe several ways that acids precipitates from the atmosphere. A more precise term is acid deposition, which has two parts wet and dry.

Wet deposition refers to acidic rain, fog, and snow. As this acidic water flows over and through the ground, it affects a variety of plants and animals. The strength of the effects depend on many factors, including how acidic the water is, the chemistry and buffering capacity of the soils involved, and the types of fish, trees, and other living things that rely on the water.

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Dry deposition refers to acidic gases and particles. About half of the acidity in the atmosphere falls back to earth through dry deposition. The wind blows these acidic particles and gases onto buildings, cars, homes, and trees. Dry deposited gases and particles can also be washed from trees and other surfaces by rainstorms. When that happens, the runoff water adds those acids to the acid rain, making the combination more acidic than the falling rain alone. (Figure.1)

Acid rain occurs when these gases react in the atmosphere with water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form various acidic compounds. These reactions take hours or even days during which polluted air may move hundreds of kilometres. Thus acid rain can fall far from the source of pollution. Sunlight increases the rate of most of these reactions and prevailing winds blow the acidic compounds across the land.

When mist or fog droplets condense they remove pollutants from the air and can become strongly acidic than acid rain. Even snow can be acidic. (acid snow)

The main sources of SO are in South Africa by coal-fired power stations, metal workings industries and nitrogen oxides emissions are from vehicles and fuel combustions. Also there are sources in Scandinavian countries and Scotland which also has a very similar ratios, while the north-eastern USA has 6 percent Sulphuric acid, percent nitric acid and 6 percent hydrochloric acid. These gases are produced almost entirely from burning fossil fuels, mainly in power stations and road transport (Figure 1.)

What's all the fuss about?

Acid deposition has a variety of effects, including damage to forests and soils, fish and other living things, materials, and human health. Acid rain also reduces how far and how clearly we can see through the air, an effect called visibility reduction. By increasing the acidity in forests, soils, limestone and marble buildings, fish, and other living things it increases the death of these abiotic and biotic activities.

Acid Raid Fact file

• Since Australia is sparsely populated, its cities are far apart and it has no neighbours, the readings are not very high. In areas where there are smelters and power stations however, the problem of acid rain is far greater.

• Across 15 European countries, 7,000 sq. miles are showing signs of forest death syndrome.

• In southern Norway, all lakes in a 1,000 sq. kilometre area are devoid of fish, with 80% of lakes are either dead or on the critical list.

• In southern Sweden, 18,000 lakes now support no fish life.

Chongging, a commercial city in western China is perhaps the acid rain capital of the world, the rain there sometimes being so acid that it can dissolve steel.

• Manchester has been described as the acid capital of Europe.

Britains trees are amongst the unhealthiest in Europe yet the country remains the largest sulphur dioxide polluter in the region.

• In North America, 60% of red spruces in New England Mountains have died and in Ontario sugar maples are dying.

Since acid rain is the most serious consequence of air pollution several Governments in the world have decided to create policies to strictly reduce SO and NOx emissions.

In Europe a series of agenda setting meetings were held under the auspices of the Economic Commission of Europe (ECE), out of which came the Convention on Long-Range Trans-boundary Pollution. It was signed November 1-14, 17 and ratified March 15, 18 by all the European states. Following ratification, member states of the treaty began working out details for specific reductions goals. Participants were asked to obligate themselves to a thirty percent reduction in sulphur emissions, based on 180 levels, during the next decade. Support for this alteration, although not universal, was wide-spread and growing. Within two years, the Protocol to the 17 Convention on Long-Range Trans-boundary Air Pollution on the Reduction of Sulphur Emissions or their Transboundary Fluxes by at least 0 Per Cent was drawn up. It was signed in Helsinki, July , 185, and ratified September , 187.

Chinas national legislature, through its model of Cleaner Production and other attempts to reduce air pollution, has significantly altered the Law on the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution, which was just revised five years ago. Suggested amendments include banning the discharge of air pollutants above a certain level, imposing heavy fines for violators of the law, and replacing coal combustion with clean energy resources such as renewables and natural gas. On a regional level, China, South Korea and Japan have agreed to launch a five-year project to control trans-boundary air pollutants.

What can we do?

It is a global problem which overall affects our lives. Ozone impacts on human health include a number of morbidity and mortality risks associated with lung inflammation, including asthma and emphysema.

As individuals it may seem like there is not much that one can do to stop acid deposition. However, like many environmental problems, acid deposition is caused by the cumulative actions of millions of individual people. Therefore, each individual can also reduce their contribution to the problem and become part of the solution. One of the first steps is to understand the problem and its solutions.

Individuals can contribute directly by conserving energy, since energy production causes the largest portion of the acid deposition problem.

For example, you can

• Turn off lights, computers, and other appliances when youre not using them

• Use energy efficient appliances lighting, air conditioners, heaters, refrigerators, washing machines, etc.

• Only use electric appliances when you need them.

• Insulate your home as best you can.

• Carpool, use public transportation, or better yet, walk or bicycle whenever possible

• Buy vehicles with low NOx emissions, and maintain all vehicles well.

• Look for products bearing the EcoLogo. They minimize the use of environmentally hazardous substances and maximize energy efficiency and the use of recycled materials.

• Be well-informed.

By reducing Acid Rain, which is conserving energy you are not only helping the environment but yourself in the long term, after all it's the environment that keeps you alive so think globally and act locally. 

Please note that this sample paper on Acid Rain is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Acid Rain, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Acid Rain will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Adolescent literature and controversial values

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Adolescent literature often presents values, which are considered controversial. These values, which frequently influence the thoughts and actions of their readers, can be split into the three broad categories of personal, social and moral values. They include values such as friendship, love, loyalty and honesty. Many texts these days contain some form of controversial values, which often force their reader to question what message is being portrayed.

The movie "Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone", by J.K Rowling is one example of a text that has come under the magnifying glass for dealing with controversial issues. This movie brought continuous concerns about the lack of respect Harry and his friends, Ron and Herminie, have for the rules and the issue of them not setting a good example for their readers. This is evident when Harry was having his first flying lesson. The teacher Madam Hooch had to leave for a few minutes and left strict instructions that "No one is to ride their brooms, or they will be out of Hogwarts quicker than you can say Quidditch". As soon as Madam Hooch left, Draco Malfoy, Harry's arch rival, picked up Neville's lost 'Remembrall' (a glass ball given to Neville by his Nan) and flew high into the sky threatening to throw it. Harry immediately disregarded Madam Hooch's orders and flew up to stop Draco. Professor McGonagall was watching from out her window and saw Harry make an incredible catch of the 'Remembrall'. Instead of being punished for disobeying Madam Hooch's instructions Harry was rewarded by becoming the seeker for his house Quidditch team. This incident shows that Harry has no regard for the rules and is not setting a good example for his readers by going against what his teachers say. However, it does show that Harry personally values his friends and would risk expulsion from Hogwarts for them.

In the film "Bend It Like Beckham" many of the values expressed are controversial. The main character Jessi goes against her family's wishes and sneaks off to Germany to play soccer, a sport which is forbidden in her household. She goes against her cultural and social values because she does not want just to become a house wife left to cook and clean. This raises concerns that she is disobeying her culture and family. This could be seen as a controversial value as she is not setting a good example by going against her parents wishes. This may encourage the adolescent viewer to not listen to their parents. On the other hand it shows that you have to follow your heart, do what makes you happy and what you feel is right.

The short story "Jozelda" displays a girl named Jessie's moral values. This story has a very strong message of loyalty and honesty for its readers. When the popular girls Michelle and Romey are picking on Jozelda, Jessie cant take it. Even though she is scared of the girls, she cant let an innocent girl be treated this way. As she stands up to Michelle and Romey she has many thoughts running through her head, "I cant explain to you how awful that feeling was. I cant explain why I acted the way I did, when I relized Jozelda hadn't come in yet. I mean, I didn't even know Jozelda, or like her. But suddenly it seemed as though I was watching someone absolutely helpless being sort of invaded". This quote shows the moral values that Jessie feels. It provides a good lesson in moral values for the reader that you should always stand up for people being bullied and dont get caught up in the peer pressure to be cool.

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These three texts illustrate values that are presented in adolescent literature and that are often considered controversial. They presents values such as friendship, loyalty, love and honesty. In "Harry Potter and the Sorcerers Stone" and "Bend it Like Beckham" there is many values and issues dealt with that are often referred to as inappropriate for adolescents they influence them to break rules and go against their parents wishes, this however is untrue as the positive messages and values found within the text and movies far out weigh the controversial values that some believe they poses.

Please note that this sample paper on Adolescent literature and controversial values is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Adolescent literature and controversial values, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom research papers on Adolescent literature and controversial values will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Performance appraisal

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Through a detailed analysis of current information, it is clear to certify that there is a consensus view on Performance Appraisal Systems (PAS). Many believe (including Bright et al., 17) that PAS grew momentum during the 160s. Guest (10) seeing the change to Human Resource Management (HRM) as conforming to the American Dream (European Human Resource Management), it is now a strategic factor businesses have to deal with, but does help the handling of people/employee. This relates to other thinking that the origins of PAS can be found in the thinking of Douglas McGregor (160s) through his Theory X and Theory Y in his book The Human Side of Enterprise.

PAS is a method to review performance of staff (Mullins 16, Pg.6), with Jack Zigon (President Zigon Performance Group) believing that PAS can be used for many purposes (website, 14). Casico takes the definition stage further Performance appraisal, the systematic description of job-relevant strengths and weaknesses within and between employees and groups (Pg.85 18). The overall purpose of a PAS is summed up by Mullins (appendix A), with McKenna et al. (15) transcribing what others believe, that an effective PAS as two clear uses to reward performance and develop employees, with PAS central to Human Resource policies (appendix B). An example of PAS usage is seen through a Dutch example. The Netherlands is an haven for PAS examples, where they are conducted frequently and with such there is low employee turnover (Clark 16), giving high emphasis on employee development. Throughout Europe individual countries are now giving an increased emphasis on developing the employee -which is a factor that prolongs throughout the research.

Amongst all the literature researched, Carrell et al. (15), believe PAS are related to Human Resource growth, which is an on-going and continuous process. There are two major issues identified; if PAS is needed and through which method is to be used. To prevent from regurgitating a long and frequently similar list (Carrell et al. feel it may be worded differently but essentially same style of thought) of methods used, the methods identified are essentially the same. There are many forms/techniques of PAS, but the more effective ones depend on the one selected for a particular job analysis. Often the success of the technique used will depend on the skill and attitude of who completes the appraisal. For example it would be inane to measure numbers for a Marketer but fine for a job role in production. Jack Zigon feels the better measure is through words rather than numbers and sees that in many cases numerical measures are useless. A factor seen at First Direct and Halifax Bank, both banking corporations have now changed their numerical scales into worded scripts. Halifax has changed their 5-point a-b-c-d-e scale into a -point worded scaling. Nissan believe the best method will be fair and simple and create motivation for constructive feedback, with Zigon claiming people prefer the notion of continuous improvement rather than absolute perfection. Such systems are often formalised and systematic, with regular assessment (as in the First Direct example), integral and specific to the situation at hand providing job related and specific direction for future performance (Carrell, 15 Pg.86) and can often give an indication of the job role itself.

A third major issue is that of the appraiser. Many believe that the actual appraiser can influence the success of the system. It is felt that there is a constant need for training and there must be positive relationship between the appraiser and the appraisee. It is also suggested that the appraiser must not display perfection levels (Wickens 187) and there must be feedback offered with clear targets set. Outcomes must not be ignored and appraisers must avoid stiff formality.

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The future of PAS will be seen as continually developing employees, a vehicle which can enhance performance and workers relationships (Bright et al. 17, Pg.141). It will progress from human interaction to computerisation, where neutral computers or computers with artificial intelligence (AI) will replace the appraiser which will reduce the effect of negative human relationship elements, which can often cause a clouding of the appraisal result (the halo effect). This will be a natural development as both parties require education, from each other, whilst the system itself requires initial education. The system however will educate its users and will internally educate, creating a system, which will be fully flexible and fully organic. It will become so flexible that eventually the PAS will become self-sufficient and will not require force-feeding of information. This will help create an integral HR information system for the whole of the organisation.

Referring to the main issue relating to whether or not a PAS system is needed and its characteristics. All the authors studied believe that an organisation requires a Performance Appraisal System. But the general thought to the extent a rule-of-thumb, that few organisations are happy with their system. Some suggest that employees distrust a PAS and that many organisations are unhappy with their current system and so a major issue related to this, is how to develop a PAS, which is mutually satisfying to both the employee and organisation. Zigon, through his companys website suggest through continuous development of the system. Zigon also feels that the systems need developing and improving due to his 1 years of research that the PAS is outdated within years of its formation.

The PAS needs to be used as an integrated tool, with care taken into what is included. Many potential components/purposes are identified but some believe that only or 4 purposes are included with others introduced as the PAS matures. If the PAS is to be successful the method used must be specific to the situation (for example self-assessment or management-assessment), with Harrison (17) believing that the system should be driven by vision, corporate goals & business strategies (Pg.).

In conclusion, it is believed there is a consistent view on the major issues of PAS of which I feel are 4-fold. If the PAS is needed, which method to use, the skill of the appraiser and the future of appraisals. Many believe that the PAS is central to all HR policies and must be central to organisational growth. It is felt that their are many methods are available, but whichever one is selected there must be feedback and continuous development of the system. It is believed that the system will follow the suit of many business processes and become truly computerised. As the system matures, so will the education of its users, both on an individual level and on an organisational level. Austin (1) feels Traditional approaches to performance evaluation cannot keep up with todays competitive realities (Human Resource Management, 17 [as found in]) and so a contingent and flexible approach needs to be taken, something which as been suggested through the literature search. One may say that although many texts and sources was used, they were all essentially revealing the same outcome, but simply using different words to reveal such thinking.

Critically analyse Ciscos recruiting method from the article Ciscos Recruiting Edge. Compare Ciscos method with other recruitment methods available

People as a resource (Human Resource) are regarded as an organisations most valuable asset, and often the source of Competitive Advantage. The right people for the organisation requires a competent Human Resource system to serve the recruitment needs of the organisation. Recruitment (refer to appendix c for the process & appendix d for most prevalent techniques by job roles) is the means to add to, maintain, or readjust total workforces...in accordance with HR requirements (Cascio, 18 Pg.174). In a modern flexible organisation the handling of the Human element is vastly important. The modern firm as both Core and peripheral workers to handle, the numbers of which are handled by the recruitment staff of the organisation. There are various methods of recruitment (to be discussed later) and it can happen internally or externally.

San Jose based technological network giants Cisco require not only the latest and innovative products to stay-ahead-of-the-field but they also require their employees to be of the same nature. That is the reason why they require the best people possible -and not necessarily available! ...trying to hire only the highest-calibre people along the way (case study).

The methods used by Cisco the writer would say are back-door headhunting. They are enticing employees of other companies to come to them, rather than using the costly full-on headhunting (therefore having to buy out a contract and damage their public image) technique. Recruitment is often seen as a two-way process. Employers search for prospective employees (for example employment agencies), but prospective employees also seek out employers -a notion known as mating, a method clearly enjoyed by Cisco and clearly evident in their friends programme.

Cisco is clearly proactive and aggressive when it comes to recruitment. Its recruitment team identifies the characteristics required, then how to attract them (it then makes sure it fills the voids in manpower). Cisco irritates employees of other companies into applying to Cisco (through the aggressive recruitment) and the policy of gaining the top 10% - 15% of people in the technology industry evidently works as the HR is fully committed to the current recruitment methods. They are a technological firm, which uses original ideas (friends programme), bizarre ideas (visiting art fairs) and highly technological ideas (using the Internet).

The writer finds the most appealing is the buddy system, whereby prospective employees are teamed up with existing employees, which is used to assess the cultural fit of the employee and also to inform the employee of life at Cisco. Although on the face of it a good idea, the under-hand measures of big corporations is shown through the financial enticement given to the buddy by Cisco to be part of the team. Thus clouding of the overall perspective of the company can be achieved if the existing employees want to further their participation in the scheme and increase their chances of the trip to Hawaii! The use of persuasion is used to attract new employees, in a subdued fashion and by advertising at cinemas use prospective employees leisure/relaxed time/attitude. The prospective employee will be unaware of the financial implications for the existing employee in been part of this system and unaware of any persuasion techniques.

The use of technology is excellent. Cisco use their networking knowledge to reduce the slow application process via the CV and other walk-in (a job vacancy is seen and the interested party simply call-in, however Cisco would be unlikely to use such a technique as it is often not used for higher position jobs or technical jobs) techniques. The Internet site of Cisco clearly adopts this notion of enticement, making it easier to find information and on a global scale. The Profiler tool and the Internet site, further show that Cisco want to steal employees from other employers using fair and good image provoking techniques. But the escape button once more reveals the corrupt/under-hand nature of the techniques, but the corporation will say it is the employee who is coming to them (prospecting) via the website rather than Cisco head-hunting them. The case study sees the Internet as it can inexpensively post hundreds of job openings and lots of information about each one.

Cisco methods one feels on the surface appear to be not too vindictive, but a further analysis certainly sees that the Silicon giant is not as virgin-faced as it may appear to be. Cisco sought to learn how happily employed people could be enticed to interview for a job (case study). The case study appears to suggest that they make happy employees feel they need to be at Cisco recruiters target what they call passive job seekers, people who are happy and successful where they are. Therefore allowing the employee to feel they are obliged to apply for a job.

The recruitment strategy mirrors that of any other strategy in a highly competitive industry in order to gain a Competitive Advantage. As previously said, people are the main source for organisations, they supply innovation, they supply ideas and for this reason the Human Resource is unique. For this reason it appears Cisco arent happy about creating or finding its own talent, but will use another organisations successful strategies to supplement Ciscos employment deficiencies. It is also apparent that they require the best and they will use techniques which are technically sugar-coated immoral/unethical methods -is it fair that they should pry on the employees of other companies, whom in Ciscos own revelation are happy. But on the side of the corporations, they do not tell people to fill in forms over the Internet as did Dawn Wilson (case study). They also have internal employment-sharks who prey on the identified, the benefits of faster hiring, the company [Cisco] reasoned, would far outweigh the expense of headhunters...trying to make lives easier. (case study)

Table 1, Advantages of Recruiting Internally/Externally

Internal External

Increase morale of all employees Applicant pool is greater

Knowledge of personnel records New ideas, contacts

Chain effect of promotion Reduces internal infighting

Need to hire only at entry level Minimises the Peter Principle

Usually faster, less expensive

Source Carrell et al. (15)

Many other recruitment methods are available. Examples of such are Newspapers, television, cinema (which Cisco use to advertise their friends programme), posters, career fairs, college/universities open days, recommendations of current employees, job centres and external consultants (as identified by Bright et al. 17). They form essentially two groups internal and external methods. There are two major sources of recruitment in Spain recommendations by company employees (Cisco will use such method) and unsoliated application (Clark, 16) -methods chosen are usually linked to the type of job. Lasher Associates (a United States recruitment firm) believe traditional recruiting methods, including advertising, personal referrals, and placement firms generally produce a good source of available candidates and fulfil the majority of staffing requirements in most companies (1). With UK grocery chain Marks & Spencer have introduced on the job testing before a job offer is made. Such is a new method but the Times Newspapers feel that the methods are turning full circle as many advisors on recruitment feel the need to go back to basics (1). For basic methods Cisco use anything but. Although they do have a kind of on the job working habit (like Marks & Spencer) through the Friends Programme. This programme is not basic and clearly highly innovative.

From the case study material it is clear that Cisco use anything but internal recruitment methods. This is perhaps due to the company requiring the best of the best and therefore must progress externally. As Table 1 reveals there are advantages to be gained from internally recruiting, such as saving time and money (essential resources). The main source of which is employee relocation consists of existing employee transfer into a new position. Another is job posting, which involves the internal display of job availability. This could be used for Cisco over their internal network, although as previously specified they seem to require extra external manpower.

Please note that this sample paper on Performance appraisal is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Performance appraisal, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Performance appraisal will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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French

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Has anyone ever wondered how the French got to Canada? Well I have and I

have found out they have British roots like Americans do. But the French

speaking people didn't like the English speaking invaders, kinda opposite of

us. We left the British ruling land to seek a new place to be free withoutWrite my Essay on French

Kings and Queens ruling us. Well that is what my report is all about " The

French Heritage of Canada".

I had many interesting talks with my Grandma Lynn, see she is a

retired French teacher for the Davenport schools. She sent me books,

magazines, maps and tapes of music and videos of Canada. Most of this stuff

I cannot read or understand, but she explained a lot of things to me.

I guess around 1608 the French began to colonize Canada. We have

states, they have colonies or provinces. Only about 10,000 French people

came over from France, because France own or ruled Canada at that time.

For many years the French Canadians had one of the highest birthrates in the

world. This was because most of them were "good old Roman Catholics" my

Grandmother told me, which means they did not use any birth control because

it was against the rules of the church. By 101, I read the French Canadians

accounted for 0 percent of Canada's population.

These French people went thru a lot of hard times and unwelcomed

changes took place when Great Britain took over Canada around 1760. A

person called, King George the rd made them use British Laws, which

means those English speaking people ruled. You see the French hated these

rude newcomers. Many of the French believed that the British wanted to

destroy their French heritage in Canada, which was probably true.

Quebec province became the home for most of the French Canadians.

The Roman Catholic Church was headquarted in Quebec City and was the

one of the most important thing in the lives of all French Canadians from

1840 to around the 160's. The Church recruited large numbers of both men

and women to serve and staff the health, social welfare and education centers.

The Quebec government was controlled by these church-educated people.

French communities like Quebec believed themselves to be better than

other people within Canada. Their Catholic religion, their French culture and

language, and being farmers set them apart from the other Canadians. They

so badly wanted to keep the French language, they created Bill 101. This Bill

101 declared French the official language for their province. This bill

required all children to attend a French-language schools and wanted French

to be also spoken in the private business work place. This made the English

speaking people uncomfortable because they didn't know the language so

they moved to different parts of Canada, which didn't hurt their feelings any.

Please note that this sample paper on French is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on French, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on French will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

Chinese Business

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Case Study 1- Samsung China ¡®The Introduction of color TV¡¯

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This is a case study report on Samsung China ¡®The introduction of color TV¡¯. The main focus of this report analyzes the information provided by Samsung¡¯s official website and the printed text provided by the unit coordinator; Professor David Zhang. This report will first identify the primary and secondary problems, followed by a PEST analysis which will consist of the 4 aspects of political, environmental, social and technological issues. Based on the findings from the PEST analysis, this report will recommend some appropriate solutions and alternatives.

The problems faced by Samsung China in this particular case study are not considered serious as Samsung has established itself as a reputable organization both locally and internationally. The political environment may seem to be uncontrollable but will significantly improve after China gains full membership with the WTO and China welcoming FDI. The rest of the PEST analysis such as economical, social and technological components is all favorable for Samsung to change its multiple business units¡¯ strategies to a single focused business strategy. However, the only crucial factor will be the time duration and the possible resistance for the changes to take place.

A few assumptions have been made

1) There are no major human resource related issues and problems

) SCH marketing director, Mr Hyun Young-Koo is a capable marketing director and is deemed to be the best suited person for restructuring Samsung¡¯s business system in China.

) Resistance from Samsung¡¯s business units are kept minimal.

4) While Samsung is advancing with its proposal in China, there are no major changes or counter reaction from its competitors.

PRIMARY PROBLEMS

1) Too many separate business strategies adopted by too many Samsung¡¯s individual business units (lack of focus).

) The China market can be very complex for Samsung as a foreign investor.

) Unclear market segment and product line.

4) Ever increasing competitiveness from competitors.

SECONDARY PROBLEMS

1) Resistance from Soul-based people in Samsung Electronics to produce high-end products, preferring to do business in China through higher volume than higher priced.

) Strong Japanese competitors.

) Disadvantage of selling Samsung television more cheaply to off-set the Japanese high brand image.

4) Tendency to follow USA¡¯s operation footsteps (which may not be appropriate for some China market situations).

PEST ANALYSIS

Political

The China market is indeed a very unique one. Although China has introduced many market-driven economic reforms, it is primarily a centrally planned socialist economy. There is a high degree of competition among the government at both the central and local levels. This could be due to the fact for the lack of a better organized planning system, there is still a huge gap between the stated plans and the actual ability of the Government to manage and control the economy. There is also another unique concept of emphasizing Social Profitability over Economic Profitability adopted by the Chinese Government, which is often the ¡®basis¡¯ for consideration for majority of their projects.

There have been too many examples from other industries that China still has many gaps between the stated plans and the actual ability to manage and control the economy. As such, many legal laws still have some flaws and contracts are often not legally bounded. China is infamously known to be governed by its people instead of its laws and regulations. However, such a political environment has changes dramatically over the years.

Samsung¡¯s active move into the Chinese market started only after Beijing and Seoul established diplomatic relations in 1. With its recent membership into WTO in December 000- China economy is more receptive and participative towards foreign investments and its activities. However, this may be a double edged sword as this will benefit Samsung but also at the same time face more competition from other competitors.

Economical

According to McKinsey, 60 million Chinese had per capital purchasing power exceeding US 1,000, an income level above which Chinese could start buying color televisions. By the year 000, this number of household will increase to 00 million (0-40 cities). However, this proportion is not evenly spread as some cities will be enjoying more material benefits than some. In 1, the biggest differences are cities of Shanghai and Tianjin, it is unclear if the disparity will be narrowed in the near future.

The possible reasons for the influx of money and increase in their spending power may be due to the unreported income, booming black market in labor, goods, services and foreign exchange. Another possible reason may be due to the Government¡¯s aid in housing subsidies, less money is spent on housing/utilities and more can be portioned to home appliances/equipments.

In 14, 41% of its 00 million households own color televisions. 0 of the 00 million households belong to the rural regions while 80 million belongs to the urban cities. More rural sales is suggested towards the low 8 percent (television owners) while there is a increasing need for more sophisticated television for the 80 percent rural dwellers who already owned colored televisions.

Social

Culture is part and parcel of the Chinese society and they mainly practice the Confucian culture and are collectivism-oriented and emphasize a lot on social harmony. Chinese people place great importance on personal relationship and trust. Therefore for foreign companies such as Samsung, it is very important for them to build long-term mutual trust relationship with their Chinese counterparts.

Although there is an abundance of workers ready for Samsung¡¯s employment, there is a tendency that the Chinese workforce is not as productive as expected. According to the data provided many foreign companies who enter into a joint venture with socialists firms had found themselves in the position of having to inherit a large number of workers and stuff, of which perhaps only 50 percent were needed to complete the required work.

Technological

The Mechatronics Center is the backbone of the technology component of Samsung Corporation. The center is in charge of providing the core components technology and equipment in the manufacturing of the LCD for the televisions.

This is supported by

Robot Application

Inspection System

Next Generation Factory Design

SMT (Surface mount technology)

Precision Optical Lens

Intelligent Robot

There are too many technological advantages in Samsung television, just to name a few that clearly have a competitive advantage over its nearest competitor.

Lifelike Picture Quality- Samsung has perfected its own unique picture technology, DNIe¢â. What distinguishes DNIe¢â is that it uses its own algorithm to analyze any kind of input signal (HD, SD, RF or DVD) and convert it to an optimal output signal tailored to any kind of display device (Flat CRT TV, Projection TV, Plasma TV, LCD TV), guaranteeing a lifelike picture every time.

Clearer and Brighter- At 400 cd/m, DLP¢â outshines other micro-display technologies for a bright, clear picture, with incredible contrast and color accuracy. Its unique optical engine preserves the intensity of the original image with vibrant colors and rich, deep blacks. Its high, 10001 contrast ratio makes for ideal color separation and crisp, detailed images.

On Screen Graphic Menus- Unlike their competitors, all Samsung TVs have the convenience of on-screen-graphic menus while our refined picture quality also provides clearer text information and graphic images for interactive digital broadcasting. Designed with the viewer in mind, Samsungs on-screen-graphic menu takes a step further with its sophisticated graphic interface, that overlays the pictures with easy-to-use, drop-down menus.

SOLUTIONS/ALTERNATIVES

To boost the image of Samsung and aim to achieve greater brand differentiation

Currently Samsung is enjoying great success in its mobile phone product line£¬semi-conductors, home appliances (especially its PAD refrigerators), TFT LDC modules, CCTV and recently launched laptop product range. It is of paramount importance that Samsung makes full use of this opportunity to use this platform to enhance its image of Samsung¡¯s television branding in China.

Increase current advertising budget

Based on the US market data, Samsung is 4th on the list in its advertising expenses among other major electronics firms. However, the difference in expenditure from the 1st company (Sony) is almost 1. times. Samsung¡¯s value for money and its high quality products deserve more advertising budget because positive word of mouth advertising is very limited in its effectiveness. Media advertising through commercial, internet, radio and print is very crucial for informing its existing/potential customer through its Reach and Frequency capability.

Concentrate on the high-end color television using the Samsung brand

In order to achieve an image of a high-end/high-quality brand, Samsung China should be focused in achieving this objective by concentrating on the high-end color television so as to propel and position Samsung as a premium product producer. In, fact, Samsung should aim to close the gap with Sony in terms of consumer¡¯s brand and quality perception.

Niche marketing and production

Since the 18¡±, 0¡± and 1¡± televisions are the best selling sizes; Samsung should strive to concentrate more on these particular product ranges. The production department should concentrating more in improving it economies of scale and its learning curve, so as to have a better edge over its competitors.

Dominate the mid-end color television by seeking joint-ventures with using existing and established China Brands

Only established brands from the top three among the consumer¡¯s favorite should be considered for Joint Venture such as with Changhong, XiongMao and Konka (these three companies already control 5% of the local market). Samsung can either buy more shares or co-produce the television set by borrowing the local manufacturer¡¯s goodwill brand name by earning more based on volume selling (lower end products) and at the same time protecting Samsung¡¯s own high profile brand image.

Ensure highest product quality

Due to the intense competition from aggressive foreign and the domestic competitors, Samsung must strive to become the leading global company by always placing quality as their number 1 priority. The best way to gain their customer¡¯s trust and loyalty is to provide the best value for their money. Currently, Samsung is doing very well in its 7¡± television (nd position) but need more improvement in the 0¡± category (6th position).

Anticipate future consumer taste and preference trend

Another possible trend shift may be towards the 5¡± television as the case study had indicated that this is the 4th most popular size preferences. If consumers are now having more purchasing power, it is very likely that bigger televisions will be affordable and preferred. The shift will come from the 6% of 1¡± television buyers towards the now existing 11% of 5¡± television buyers. In addition, Samsung may continue to enjoy positive experience curve and economies of scale, thus making prices of their 5¡± television more competitive. Another possible significant shift may be buyers from the 18¡± television consumers heading toward the bigger television sets since the China market is now enjoying more economic growth and increased awareness of high technological high premium product brands.

Take the first step for the ¡®First Mover¡¯ Advantage

Since the China market has a history of their first mover enjoying advantages over late comers and tend to be loyal to a first mover¡¯s product, Samsung must make strong efforts in its marketing strategy for their future products. One very good example will be a ¡®soft launch¡¯ of Samsung¡¯s ¡®future¡¯ PLASMA, PROJECTOR and FLAT screened television in the bigger cities of China. This is not for sales purpose but more of an exhibit or showcase portfolio.

Although these products are very expensive and is most unlikely unaffordable, it is still a viable idea to expose to the China market of the latest and best technology made available by Samsung outside the China market- this helps to create a deeper impression in the eyes for the future television market in China. When the market is ready for such premium products, Samsung may be the first one to be associated with it.

More research on the China consumer market

Based on Exhibit 7, Samsung¡¯s pricing of their products are ranging between lower and mid ranged. Does this reflect on the perception of Samsung¡¯s product as a premium product? There are many researches that concluded that Chinese people often closely associate high premium brands with high prices. If Samsung wants to increase its profile as a better brand or close the perception gap with Sony, there is a need to adjust its pricing strategy.

Increase the Company¡¯s Economies of Scale

Economies of scale can be achieved by increasing productivity- if existing workforce or resources can produce more with lesser time required, profit will increase and enjoy higher leverage. The other option would to transfer the production of television from the more capital intensive factories (such as its SEMUK in UK) and the least productive plant SETAS in Turkey into China; however it must be cost effective and justifiable in terms of the overall business objectives. Currently, total volume of 6 million color television productions has only 44% being produced oversea, there is still room for expansion into China region.

Comprehensive and regular training programs

In order to survive doing business in a highly technological demanding industry, it is very important that the employees in Samsung are constantly up-grading themselves. The organization must provide the resources and opportunities to motivate their workers, mainly in their skills and management (human resource) component. Old management employees must constantly be motivated to upgrade and reinforce their concept of ¡®moving¡¯ along and ahead of the times. The old thinking of the formidable Japanese brands must be overcome and welcome all its challenges.

Efficient and Effective Work Team

Samsung should always hire the best team of committed employees to lead the development of next-generation technologies and strengthen patent portfolio by securing fundamental technologies to solidify our position as a global leader in IT industry. For Samsung Electronics, continued innovation in technology development is the key to demonstrating our global technology leadership

Good infrastructure of after sales service and support

China has a wide customer base in many different locations, in order to maintain strong customer loyalty and the handle any potential customer post purchase dissonance. Samsung must have a good infrastructure of an informative website dedicated to answer/advice any queries regarding any Samsung products. More importantly the management must plan and strategically located Samsung service centers all over China to meet their ever increasing consumer demand.

Continue to show support for China

Samsung should always strive to establish good working relationship and ¡®guan xi¡¯ with their China counterparts by increasing their investment and social contribution budget in China. Such commitment from Samsung will enhance the working relationship with the authorities and show great sincerity in looking at China¡¯s welfare in terms of knowledge transfer, employment and the overall well being of China¡¯s economy.

THE END

Please note that this sample paper on Chinese Business is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Chinese Business, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Chinese Business will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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