John locke and thomas hobbes

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John Locke was born in 16 in Somersetshire , in England. In this Puritan family, his father was a lawyer and a minor landowner and a participant in the Civil War on the side of the Parliament party. In 1646 he was hired in the Westminster School and in 165, he entered the college of Christ Church at Oxford University, where he studied Greek, philosophy, rhetoric, chemistry, meteorology and theology under the direction of a high Puritan leader, John Owen. But it was medicine that he was most attracted to as a possibility of a life work. Through his studies of medicine, he became friends with Robert Boyle , one new English scientists of the Academy. In 1656 he received his 'B.A.' degree from Oxford, then his 'Masters degree'. It was during this time that he began to put his thoughts on subjects like 'Treatise on Civil Magistrates' (1660), 'Essays on the Law of Nature' (166), and 'An Essay concerning Toleration' (1667).

In 1665 he followed Walter Vane on a diplomatic mission at Brandenburg in Germany. After that, he returned to Oxford to continue his studies in philosophy. While he was in the studies, he met Lord Ashley and both of them became close friends. They discovered that they both shared in common, a view of personal liberty of human life, a view of democracy. In 1667 Locke went into personal service as a personal physician and secretary to a men named Shaftesbury at his home, in London.

During the 8 years that Locke lived there was the time where he gain many knowledge of 'philosophical information' concentrated on the major questions the issue concerning where the Truth originated from and how a person gained access to the Truth. Based on these points, John Locke decided to write his famous work known as 'Essay concerning Human Understanding' in 160.

Locke gained a wide variety of friends, from physicians to astronomers when he moved to France in 1675, where at the same time, Shaftesbury faced political and health problems. Help with essay on john locke and thomas hobbes

In 167, when Shaftesbury was restored to favor, John Locke returned to London. But that time was very unstable politically, with Shaftsbury arrested, placed in the Tower of London, then the charges are dismissed, and then accused again. In 168, Shaftsbury fled to the Netherlands and then died there in the following year, in 168.

After that, John Locke did a vast number of works such as 'an essay concerning human understanding' in 168, 'Two Treatises of Government' in 160 and others. 'Locke argued that each person possesses the rights to life, liberty and property, that these rights exist in nature prior to the formation of government, and that the only legitimate government is one whose function is limited to protecting these rights'. In other words, Locke favors the power of the people, the democracy.

Several years later, in October 1704, his last work, before his death, was Fourth Letter on Toleration. Also his work 'Discourse on Miracles', written in 170, was published after his death.

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The Sundale Club

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The Sundale Club

Case .1

By

Juan¡¦s AngelsBuy custom The Sundale Club term paper

(Aguirre, Dotson, Lozano, Smith)

BUSI 471

June 6, 00

Juan¡¦s Angels

BUSI 471

Ms. Paulette Burkhart

June 6, 00

Case .1

The Sundale Club

Introduction

The Sundale Club is the largest of the athletic social clubs in the city. It is well established in the community and has a prestigious reputation. It has over 1,000 members and has always had a waiting list for new memberships.

Problems

Initial concerns began to arise when the once prestigious club began to experience a sudden decline in membership and interest in their facility. The once thriving athletic social club found it increasingly difficult to get members to participate in its social activities. There was also a noticeable decline in members renewing their memberships and an increase in the number of cancelled memberships. Oddly, the once energetic staff now seemed frustrated and unhappy with their jobs.

At the request of an anonymous employee, the corporate Human Resource department began an internal investigation. The purpose of the investigation was to determine the root of these problems. A team of HR managers went to this particular Sundale Club location and spoke with several employees and members.

Problem Causes

Based upon the information gathered from the employee interviews and conversations with several members of the club, the HR team determined several possible root causes

„h Inappropriate and unprofessional behavior on the part of Chuck Johnson

„h Failure of the peers and co-workers to confront Chuck about his behavior

„h Failure of management to investigate the complaints, take the necessary actions, and reply back to those who complained

When Frank Havens, the assistant Athletic Director, went to Ted Ellis to discuss the complaints, Ted chose to dismiss the complaints. After some consideration, this action was unacceptable to Frank and he felt he could no longer work in this environment. Frank resigned. Ted immediately replaced Frank with Chuck Johnson. Ted¡¦s decision resulted in additional issues such as

„h Chuck was promoted over other qualified and tenured employees, such as Pat Franklin, Women¡¦s Activities Manager.

„h When Pat challenged Ted¡¦s decision, she was terminated.

„h When word of Pat¡¦s dismissal spread throughout the club, employee moral plummeted

„h Employees feared retaliation if they voiced their disapproval

Systems Affected

From the problems and causes identified, it became apparent the problem had consumed the entire structure of the club, both internally and externally. The low moral had impacted the psychological structure of the club and the decline and lack of interest by the members were starting to affect the technical structure of the club.

To compound the problem, Ted¡¦s managerial decisions seemed to have a negative impact on the goals and values of the club and ultimately, the corporation as a whole.

Alternatives/Recommendations

The initial thoughts were to

„h Terminate Bob Watts, Sundale Club Director, for lack of initiative and action, his previous years of dedication and pending retirement justified his continuance

„h Terminate Ted Ellis for his biased and favorable decision making process, as well as, his lack of properly handling employee issues and customer complaints at his club

„h Terminate Chuck Johnson for his inappropriate and unprofessional behavior

However, after considering all employee and customer comments from the interviews, the HR team recommendations are as follows

„h Conduct and investigative interview with Pat Franklin

„h Counsel Chuck Johnson, Assistant Athletic Director, on his inappropriate and unprofessional behavior

„h Demote and relocate Ted Ellis, Athletic Director, to another (smaller) club in the city or give him the option to resign

„h Counsel with Bob Watts, Director

Implementation

To implement these recommendations, we would like to suggest that you

„h Offer the Athletic Director¡¦s position to Pat Franklin, upon her reinstatement with The Sundale Club

„h Conduct a Learning Laboratory for all Sundale Club employees using the Johari Window Model to examine and improve interpersonal communication within the organization

„h Transfer the operations authority to Pat Franklin, the new Athletic Director and the marketing authority to Carol Happ, Social Director, until Bob Watts retires and is replaced

„h Corporate Human Resources will have oversight on all personnel issues including but not limited to hiring, terminations, and promotions

The Vice President of Human Resources is prepared to meet with all the employees identified and the Human Resource department is prepared to conduct the suggested learning laboratory upon your approval. There are several options available to Ted Ellis at our other facilities and we are prepared to discuss those options with him at the appropriate time.

Do you have any questions or concerns?

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Global Warming

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The last decade, 10-000, was the warmest decade on record; 18 was the

warmest recorded year, and it seems inarguable that global warming should be a very large

concern. All the nations of the world must work together if we are to successfully address

the problem of global warming. It is imperative that we reach a global accord on theOrder College Papers on Global Warming

methodology quickly, for the longer we wait the worse the problem becomes.

Currently the future of such initiatives looks dim. While the UN has created

several programs to deal with Global Warming, many have been ignored by member

countries. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has successfully

evaluated the problem of global warming, but was not designed to actively aid solutions,

merely to suggest them. The Framework Convention on Climate Change (issued by the

Rio Summit of 1) has failed to produce any real results in the effort to reduce global

warming, and the Kyoto Protocol of 1 was severely crippled by the withdrawal of the

United States, which produces 4% of the greenhouse gas emissions worldwide.

All previous efforts, while attempting to deal with the problem of global warming,

have been crippled by political maneuvering. Many national leaders were more worried

about selling any proposal to their voters then actually dealing with global warming. This

is not entirely the politicians' fault. Most of the world is uneducated about the realities and

dangers of global warming, and therefore dismiss it as harmless.

The economic policy of Kyoto, the only real attempt to regulate pollution output,

was flawed. The emissions cap for countries was estimated to be 8 to 14 times more

expensive than an optimal trading policy, and the cost emission permits would have

quickly skyrocketed.

Any future policy should be designed with the successes and failures of past efforts

in mind. Only then will a truly coherent global policy emerge.

There are many actions we could take that are cheap and significantly decrease the

output of global warming gasses. Often times these initiatives require a high initial

investment but yield far greater returns in the long run. Examples are numerous and easy

to find. They range from energy saving light bulbs, to improved building insulation, to

tapping the natural gas released from oil deposits. The problem has always been a lack of

cash, and a shortsighted attitude about global warming.

Establishing a United Nations fund, under the control of an international

committee, to reduce the effect of global warming would help unify many initiatives,

providing more efficient solutions. It would require a large effort to get people of the

world to swallow their national pride and combine their efforts, but the benefits are well

worth the costs.

An international tax on carbon emissions, payable by the emitting corporation or

government would go a long way toward paying for cleaner solutions. Enacting a tax of

even two or three dollars per ton on carbon dioxide, and equivalent gas emissions, released

by the industrial nations would provide about seven billion dollars; a large portion of the

capital needed for the initiatives that will reduce global warming, as well as providing an

incentive for polluters to reduce or halt pollution if it is cheaper than paying the tax. This

tax is especially useful, since it provides a single method of stopping polluters, instead of

the individually tailored and excessively complicated procedures, such as factory emission

limits, or power plant emission limits that are full of loopholes corporations can abuse. By

randomly sending UN inspectors to factories, and imposing harsh fines on those that lied

about their pollution outputs would virtually eliminate non-compliance.

The fund should pay for efforts designed to reduce greenhouse gasses and deal with

the future effects of global warming. We must take care that the giving of money not

become an end in and of itself. Concrete goals should be set for each project, and if they

are not met then the recipients should be held accountable by the UN. A prize for the

greatest emission reduction Corporate, National, and scientific- would give positive

publicity to those who deserve it, from one of the most prestigious organizations in

existence.

Industry is one of the biggest causes of the increase in global warming gas. Many

factories could be made to run more efficiently, improving their output and reducing the

amount of CO produced. Improvements have not been made due to monetary shortage.

Many of these factories are in third world countries, which are forced to suffer from the

smog and dirt. Paying for improving the factories would increase their productivity,

improve the living condition of people around the factories, and reduce the amount of CO

gas released. This would be useful even in the absence of global warming.

Energy generation is not far behind industry when it comes to CO emissions. Coal,

oil, and natural gas all release CO in large quantities. The UN could pay for construction

of solar, wind, geothermal, and hydroelectric power sources wherever they are needed.

The fund should provide money for research designed to improve the efficiency of

nonpolluting power sources.

Vehicles produce roughly 0% of the worlds CO emissions. If the UN enacted

global gas mileage standards similar to California's, or most of Europe's the total

worldwide CO emissions would be reduced significantly. This cost is nominal to most

countries in which the automobile is heavily utilized, and most developing countries do not

use cars excessively. A UN treaty could ban the import or export of any vehicle violating

those standards, as well as prohibit them being built in participating nations.

Establishing building codes and international standards for household appliances

would reduce energy costs significantly, thereby reducing global warming. Many things

that use electricity are built cheaply and inefficiently. More expensive products that are

more efficient would actually have a long term benefit to the consumer, as well as reducing

electricity usage, and thereby reducing CO output.

As the Montreal Protocol of 187 shows, it is possible for the world to stop the

production of harmful greenhouse gasses that are easily replaced, such as

Clorofluorocarbons. Funding research to evaluate the effects of other chemicals would

allow us to stop the production of harmful ones before they are emitted in large quantities.

Yet all of these efforts will not cause the problem of global warming to disappear

completely. Even if we restricted our greenhouse gas output to 10 level it would only

slow the effects of global warming by .5° (from .1° to 1.6°) over the next century. This

would require a herculean effort by the governments of the world, far in excess of what the

Kyoto treaty demands. This rise in temperature is definitely enough to cause global

warming effects, effects that developing nations are ill equipped to prepare for. The

weather will get more extreme, with greater numbers of droughts and hurricanes. This

effect can already be seen, with three of the four most expensive hurricanes being in the

past decade, various floods swamping India and the Midwestern United States, and

drought in parts of the globe unused to suck conditions. We must take steps to deal with

these problems.

The UN should design and build irrigation equipment for all major food production

centers to help them deal with any droughts, a likely result of global warming. Building

runoff channels for the rain is a good idea also, since it is probable that global warming

will also cause floods. Bulwarks and dams for cities that are near or beneath sea level, such

as New Orleans, as the rising sea levels will help prevent any floods in those cities.

The need for these initiatives is obvious, yet none of them are taking place.

Without them the potential for disaster is greatly increased. These events will not occur

gradually. The world, under the guidance of the UN, must prepare for their arrival before

it occurs, since it is impossible to recover crops lost to a flood, or withered by drought.

This will be far costlier in both money and lives then a few simple preventative measures.

We must go into this century well prepared for the effects we know will happen. If

all the nations of the world work together, unifying their efforts to reach a common goal,

the world can survive this crisis, and even prosper in the coming centuries.

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Mobile communications

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Mobile communications. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Mobile communications paper right on time.

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Being the leader is honorable... but is also a burden

Azercell Telecom JV, the leader in mobile communication in Azerbaijan, entered 00 with confidence, decisiveness, new plans and progressive ideas.

In six years of activity in Azerbaijan Azercell has proved itself to be a reliable partner and highly professional.

According to research conducted by the World Bank Azerbaijan holds first place among the CIS states for subscribers per head of population. This is a clear result of Azercell's activity in Azerbaijan.

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Today Azercell covers 67,8 % of the whole area of Azerbaijan and 4,4 % of the population.

Azercell has representative offices in Nakchivan, Ganja, Quba, Sheki, Masalli, as well as other towns of Azerbaijan. Besides, all the stations of the Baku Metro are within the coverage area of Azercell.

Taking into account the importance of the BTC (Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan) pipeline to Azerbaijan Azercell built two new stations in the Sangachal settlement lying along the BTC route and Muganli village of Hajigabul region.

Azercell remains the only mobile operator in Nakchivan.

Azercell is constantly increasing the number of its subscribers by bringing new regions into its coverage area. Today the number of Azercell subscribers is over 70 000. Azercell has subscribers even in remote regions of Azerbaijan.

The highest penetration rate of cellular phone subscribers including the indicators of all the mobile operators in CIS states is 14,6 %. The penetration rate of Azercell Telecom JV is approximately %.

Azercell services are being used almost everywhere in Azerbaijan except the occupied territories.

Taking into account constantly changing market conditions, Azercell continues to offer new services to the poorer members of the population thus broadening the types of services.

Azercell provides its subscribers with high quality services by utilizing new technologies. With the advantages of the GSM standard Azercell offers more than 40 different services both for Post-Paid (Standard/Econom/Business) and Pre-Paid (Sim-Sim) subscribers.

To make the payment process easy for subscribers Azercell offers more than 76 payment points.

Azercell enabled subscribers to make advance payments via cash dispensers for the first time in Azerbaijan.

Azercell Telecom JV is the only mobile operator in Azerbaijan to enable people to call anywhere in the world from any part of Azerbaijan and via Internet.

Today Azercell's subscibers can use mobile services in Europe, Asia, America and Africa according to the tariffs of Azercell. Azercell has roaming agreements with 150 operators in 7 countries.

Azercell Telecom JV,which tries to meet the needs of its subscribers instantly and conscienciously, to be committed to its subscribers and take an active part in the social life of the country, pays a special attention to the relations with the society and this is of course one of the strategic directions of Azercell. This is reflected by Azercell taking an active part in the social and cultural life of Azerbaijan acting as patron to orphaned and neglected children. Azercell provides financial support to refugees and the disabled as well as sponsoring Azerbaijani musicians, opera singers and dancers. Azercell also takes part in developing the mass media.

Today Azercell is a large and friendly family of 50 professionals. It's a great honor to be a member of such a united family. And the most important thing is the warm and friendly atmosphere directed at realizing global projects and brave new ideas at the company.

Azercell takes excellent care of each employee.

In January 001 Azercell was awarded ISO 001- The International Quality Certificate which so many world mobile operators failed to achieve once again confirming the professionalism of Azercell.

Azercell employees strive to preserve the good image of the company.

Azercell currently retains an 85% share of the communication market in Azerbaijan. This once again shows that Azercell Telecom JV is the indisputable leader of the communication market of Azerbaijan.

To be a leader is hard, but it's twice as hard as to be a leader in holding such a share.

But Azercell isn't going to stop here.

The main aim of Azercell is to provide every Azeri citizen with its services. And keeping this as the main principle Azercell plans to offer new services to the wider population which would mean covering 5 % of people and increasing the number of subscribers to 1 000 000.

Within 6 years of activity in Azerbaijan Azercell BM invested nearly 155 mln dollars.

In 00 Azercell Telecom BM will invest mln dollars in all the branches of telecommunications with Internet at the top. Increasing the number of services offered day by day Azercell covers not only the services practiced in the world communications but also actively introduces in Azerbaijan the latest achiements in this sphere.

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Job Descriptions

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1. Forester

A foresters main concern is the care for the land and sustains the long-term health of forests. The career of the forester often conjures images of rugged individualists clad in khaki uniforms enjoying life in the great outdoors unfettered by the traffic and hassles of urban life.

For many foresters, it is a job that keeps them in touch with the outdoors as they work in the field in a variety of specialties, from hydrology to wildlife management, to ensure the future of public forests. Once heavily focused on timber management, the role of the forester is shifting to ecosystem management as the logging industry continues to scale down. Working with others in the fields of recreation, wildlife, fish and game and watershed management, they incorporate their input and feedback into environmental analysis for proposed timber sale projects. The job gives them a chance to work with the public and numerous other public agencies as she coordinates timber projects and completes the paperwork to conform national environmental regulations. Order Custom Job Descriptions paper

. Forest Resource Manager

Forest resource managers' main duties are to do variety of administrative and technical activities. Some of the work performed in the forest is to manage the resources and to include scheduling and conducting harvests to meet research, demonstration and fiscal requirements. In addition to those tasks, one must be willing to schedule and conduct silvicultural improvements; and maintaining roads and fire trails. Also provide detailed information about the particular forest through presentations and lectures. In some areas, giving public demonstrations to enhance the publics knowledge. Determine economic requirements for Forest operations. Calculate project revenue from Forest activities such as timber sales; prepare budgetary recommendations; monitor, verify and reconcile expenditure of budgeted funds. Prepare operational reports and analyses setting forth progress, determine trends and then make recommendations or conclusions. You may be asked to perform personal functions such as hiring and performance reviews. In addition to the jobs above, you may be asked to do a number of odd balled jobs that must be completed in order for everything to run smoothly.

. Fishery Biologist

Fisheries research biologists study the biology of fish habitat requirements, population, life histories, diseases, and forage base. Fisheries managers may work with fish hatcheries, study the effects of pollutants on fish, and cooperate with others to improve fish habitat. Some may work as aqua-culturists and study the best ways of raising fish nutrition requirements, genetic of fish stocks, and prevention of fish disease. Many fisheries biologists work for state or federal agencies like the U.S Fish & Wildlife Service or State Departments of Conservation or Natural Resources. Some are researchers at universities or work as consultants or staff with major corporations. Power companies have fishery biologists on staff. Companies engaged in aquaculture also hire fishery biologists.

Please note that this sample paper on Job Descriptions is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Job Descriptions, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Job Descriptions will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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ARTISTS INTERPRETATIONS OF THE WORLD SHAPED BY THEIR BELIEFS

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Spirituality and art are part of the human need to express emotion and to communicate this to other human beings. Yet often our understanding of an artwork might only be possible or of more value if we know the context, the emotional or the spiritual environment surrounding the artist. Religion results from faith it involves a community of shared beliefs, ritual and introspection. Faith is a personal perspective on life. So too is art. The artist's interpretations of the world are therefore shaped by their beliefs; this can be seen through Michelangelo Buonarroti figurative Last Judgment 154-1541, Mark Rothko's non-representational Light Red over Black 157, Rover Thomas's contemporary Aboriginal work Burradoo (Meeting Area) 14 and Annette Messeger's Post- modern Le Croix 14.

When Christianity was illegal in Rome the painting in the Catacombs had to use symbols to convey messages to the audience. After Christianity was legalised in 1 A.D. symbols were not needed, however the idea of depicting a narrative to audiences was carried on. So when Michelangelo was commissioned to paint the ceiling and alter wall of the Sistine Chapel, it isn't surprising that the images depicted were reminiscent of the bible stories. However when Michelangelo was asked or rather told to paint the altar wall, he was 'enduring the tribulations of age and the long frustrations of art, his soul was further oppressed by the events that had been erupting around him from the time he fled Florence as a young man…Michelangelo felt himself an exile' he had 'turned from his Humanist beginnings to a deep religious preoccupation with the fate of man and of his own soul. His sense that the world had gone mad and that man forsaking God was doomed, must have been sharpened by his still vivid memory of Savonarola's foreboding summons of sinners to repent and by his very close reading of Dante.' Michelangelo did not want to paint the fresco but was made to. His personal and national context did not help the situation, and is most likely the explanation for the incredibly graphic depiction of the last Judgment, in which sinners and repenters are separated and delegated to the appropriate area. When the work was revealed it was highly 'criticized for the nudity of many of its figures and for its supposed inaccuracies' . These supposed inaccuracies however were Michelangelo's deeply spiritual beliefs of how he thought the last judgment would look. The only reason he was criticised was because the previous depictions of the last judgment were very different. His beliefs therefore shaped his interpretation of the last judgment, in the Last Judgment 154-1541.

Mark Rothko's art came directly from his experiences. His parents moved from his birthplace in Russia when he was ten and he grew up in Oregon with vast expanses of open space around him; seemingly endless space, which put his own existence into the perspective of being almost meaningless. He employed rectangular blocks of colour to convey the space evoking effects of colour.

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The painting Light Red over Black 157 shows how Rothko used powerful colour and simple forms to emphasise the overwhelming quality of the artwork for the viewer. The large dimensions of his work were explained by Rothko "I want to be very intimate and human. To paint a small picture is to place yourself outside your experience…However you paint the larger picture, you are in it."

During the 140's Rothko's images became more and more symbolic. He found the use of figures in his work less satisfying reflecting the tragedy of the human condition around him in the aftermath of world war two.

The US government encouraged the American Abstract Expressionism movement of which Rothko was a part as it was seen to be a reflection of a new era American cultural freedom as opposed to the old order of Europe particularly the state oppressed artworks of Soviet Russia. These circumstances allowed artists like Rothko to flourish. So although his own Spiritualism was moving him towards his large emotive artworks The political and social environment was also ready for his art. The spiritual was a source of inspiration for Rothko. 'I'm interested only in expressing basic human emotions tragedy, ecstasy, doom and so on the people who weep before my pictures are having the same religious experience I had when I painted them". Rothko abandoned images entirely in the late 140's and until his death in 170 continued to produce non-representational paintings using paint, colour, shape and size to communicate emotion and mood.

Rover Thomas is a highly regarded contemporary Aboriginal artist. He captures the spirit of the East Kimberley region with noticeable 'simplicity', in a topographical and spiritual sense. Whilst referring to local land sites he also incorporates heavy spiritual values common with most Aboriginal artworks. He paints areas of the landscape that have deeply spiritual and mythological significance to the land stories. His life has been spent moving and settling around the Kimberley region, the landscape and stories all having tremendous impact on his artmaking. 'Thomas is primarily concerned with the inherent spirituality of the landscape. To this extent his paintings are both literal and metaphysical the compositions depicting specific physical locations while also being vitally concerned with the essentially spiritual associations that provide these locations with their most profound significance. As once commentator has observed, for Thomas the landscape is embued with mythological power and painting is an act or homage to this power'

Burradoo (Meeting Area) 14 depicts a large ochre painting of a place on Lissadell Station that Thomas remembers from his younger years. 'Rover Thomas's paintings flow instinctually from the earth and evoke a universal resonance they are works which usually have their origin in specific sites and regions but which invariably transcend their boundaries, communicating with the viewer in ways that are profound and intangible.'

Rover Thomas communicates his interpretation of the world around him through his beliefs of the land and his experiences through that land.

Annette Messeger, like Rover Thomas uses memories of childhood, feminine stereotypes and traditional religious images in her artmaking. Her distinctive style is often 'unsettling' to the viewer and has a surreal quality. In Le Croix 14 Messenger brings her own thoughts and background to the work 'My work is the work of a French Catholic woman' In Le Croix 14 a number of felt body organs are hung from a simple wooden cross. A large heart, a spine and other unrecognisable shapes make up this colourful group of shapes. They look a little naïve but they are also a bit ghoulish.

Messeger often used craft skills in making her art works as a way of connecting with stereotypical feminine pursuits. 'Annette Messeger fragments representations of the female body in an effort to show the impossibility of presenting a universalised feminine experience.'

The body of Christ in this work has neither male nor female form in this way Messeger has used her work to address an issue that is very close to her. That is the question that Are we capable of a spiritual life beyond our bodies or are we just 'a carcass that can be dissected and hung like meat?'

Annette Messeger uses her strong feminist beliefs to shape the way she interprets our world. By combining this with her deeply religious background, her works explore very spiritual themes.

All of these artworks are examples of how artists combine their individual life influences and their beliefs into their artmaking. Through this they are able to interpret and represent the world.

Arnason, H.H; Prather, Marla F A History of Modern Art 186

Thames and Hudson, London

De la Croix, Tansey, Kirkpatrick Art Though the Ages 11

Harcourt Brace and Company, New York

Hughes, Robert American Visions 17

Harrill, London

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Apple Commuters Finance Assignment

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c o n t e n t s

v Group ProfileCheap University Papers on Apple Commuters Finance Assignment

v Goals and Objectives

v Group Locations 4

v Group Structure 5

v Company History 6

v Chairman's Statement 8

v Corporate Governance 10

v Auditor's Report 15

v Annual Financial Statements 16

v Operating Costs 4

v Financial Highlights 5

v Ratio Analysis 6

v Efficiency 7

v Risk Analysis 8

OBJECTIVES

Our medium term business objectives are to secure as much of the Taxi market from which we can expand the South African operation into other related segments.

GOALS

Apple commuters will aspire to achieve the following key targets over the next three years

· Increase our installed base and secure our market position

· Improve our service offering and implement systems and controls to measure our performance

· Improve on our profitability

· Implement a Key Account Management structure

· Improve staff training on all levels in line with BEE and labour law requirements.

GROUP LOCATIONS

Below is a map of the areas represented by Apple commuters. The red indicates currently supported areas whereas the black indicates potential expansion points.

Head offices

u Regional offices

u Potential expansion areas

COMPANY HISTORY

Executive Chairwoman of Apple Commuters Kathy A always dreamed of working on computers. In the early 170's she enrolled for a computer course at LamDin in Johannesburg with a view to making that dream a reality. Kathy then lived in the sprawling township of Alexandra and transportation to and from Johannesburg CBD was having an adverse impact on her studies. Little did she realise that this frustration would change her career path and her life forever. "I was shocked at the quality of public transportation in Johannesburg. I spent four hours a day commuting to and from the city. It was ridiculous something had to be done about it!"

From humble beginnings Apple Commuters has evolved into one of South Africa's most well known and well-respected group of transport companies. It boasts the largest taxi fleets in the country with branches in all major centers.

The company was started about 7 years ago with a vision of meeting the needs of commuters expediently. "Safety, reliability and punctuality were our main focus", says Kathy as she reminisces about those simple days. "We've come a long way from our first vehicle a Chevrolet 800 that was bought for cash"

Alex B had been making similar inroads into the field of transportation around the same time. He had worked his way up to head the Northern Suburbs Taxi Association a key position with good insight into the industry.

By 176 the newly formed partnership were already operating with two taxis doing about 5 trips a day combined.

December 178

The company doubles its fleet to 4 vehicles whilst streamlining operating costs.

March 180

The company follows closely with the rapid expansion of the greater Johannesburg and covers new routes in the North East region.

COMPANY HISTORY (continued…)

February 181

Apple Commuters acquires a small operation in Durban headed by Avi E. A further 1 taxis are added to the already expanding fleet. Routes between Durban and Johannesburg are explored a first for light commercial vehicles.

September 185

Branches in Port Elizabeth and Bloemfontein were launched and the fleet was now in excess of 50 vehicles. Simon D and Craig F owners of a successful auto repairs business decided to tap into the transport industry and bought into Apple Commuters.

August 10

Establishment of National Taxi Repair Centres (Apple Eishh Fix-It Services) with a view to driving down operating costs and maximising on profits.

May 1

New Head Office and Truck Centre built in Ormonde.

November 15

Apple Commuters is the largest privately owned taxi company in South Africa.

March 18

For R15m Apple Commuters purchases FBI Transport and acquires the skills of Paul C.

January 000

Apple Commuters receives gold-partner status with major manufacturers Toyota, Nissan and Ford securing a combined fleet of 51 taxis.

CHAIRMAN'S REPORT

"We continue to transform Apple Commuters into a broad-based transport business, offering the widest range of service and coverage with the best skills level in transportation."

Message to our shareholders

Apple Commuters proven strategy of focusing on the commuting of passengers continues to strengthen the company's already significant standing as a transport leader, and it is pleasing to report that for the rd consecutive year, an excellent set of results notwithstanding tough local market conditions has been achieved.

It is our view that great companies distinguish themselves over long periods.

Apple Commuters operating income increased by . % to 66,500.00 (64,450.00).

Trading Environment

The trading environment remained difficult as the economy did not perform to expected GDP results.

The unexpected and severe currency crises during the course of last year played havoc with rising fuel costs and the importation of spares. A change in supply chain partnerships was inevitable in maintaining margins.

A new strategy in outsourcing repairs has lowered expenses considerably. However, the three increases in prime interest rates up to 17 percent (prime) has over-shadowed many of these cost-cutting efforts.

Acquisition

During the financial year under review, considerable work was carried out on acquisition search and investigation, particularly in Namibia and Botswana. Certain prospects reached an advanced stage of negotiation but were ultimately turned down due to lack of interest and commitment from the other party.

CHAIRMAN'S REPORT (continued…)

Management and Employees

The quality of our management teams and employees has contributed to the success of the group and continues to differentiate us from our competitors. We have a strong, dynamic and entrepreneurial management team with a proven track record.

Outlook

The past year has seen Apple Commuters make further progress in strengthening the company. Looking forward, Apple Commuters increasing focus on international market will remain our core strategy to ensure the maintenance of long-term growth and increased shareholder value.

Appreciation

Apple Commuters ongoing success would not have been possible without a dedicated team of employees who thrill at pushing the limits and who have the courage to dare to imagine what the next opportunities might be. Our people are our business and we extend to our team the gratitude of our shareholders and the Board of Directors for their tremendous commitment and plain hard work throughout the year.

Finally, we extend our appreciation to our loyal customers. Thank you for your confidence in Apple Commuters services. It's our aim to provide you with even greater satisfaction and value in the year to come.

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE (continued…)

Corporate Governance

For the year ended 1 March 00

The directors of Apple Commuters recognize the need to conduct the business of the enterprise with integrity and in accordance with generally accepted corporate practices. Accordingly, they endorse and have complied broadly with the principles contained in the King Report on Corporate Governance (14) during the period under review. Maintaining compliance at Apple Commuters within the code of corporate practice forms part of the mandate of the company's audit committee.

Directorate

Apple Commuters has a unitary board structure comprising mainly non-executive directors. The board meets regularly and monitors executive management. The position of the chairperson is a non-executive appointment and is separate from that of the managing director. The chairperson and chief executive provide leadership and guidance. The directors bring together a wealth of experience from their own fields of business and ensure that debate on matters of strategy, policy progress and performance is robust, informed and constructive. The directors have access to the advice and services of the company secretary, who is responsible to the board for ensuring that board procedures are followed. All directors are entitled to seek independent professional advice about the affairs of the company at the company's expense.

Determination of executive remuneration

The remuneration committee comprises tow non-executive directors. The committee determines the chief executive's salary and bonus and establishes guidelines relating to cash compensation and benefit arrangements for all employees.

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE (continued…)

Audit Committee

The audit committee comprises to non-executive directors and the chief executive. The chief financial officer and internal and external auditors have unrestricted access to the audit committee and attend the meetings. Meetings are planned to be held three times per year. The audit committee is charged with the responsibility of monitoring the company's financial controls, accounting policies and financial reporting. It provides a forum through which the independent external and internal auditors report to the board of directors.

Risk assessment

The risks facing Apple Commuters are closely monitored annually. This involves a risk assessment exercise conducted with the assistance of the internal auditors. The risks are assessed at every business level and controls mitigating these risks are identified. This exercise also assists the internal auditors in ensuring that major risks are correctly and appropriately addressed.

Internal Control

The company maintains systems of internal control over financial reporting and safeguarding of assets against unauthorized use, acquisition and disposal.

The systems of internal control incorporate suitable segregation of conflicting duties wherever possible, and the delegation of authority to suitably appointed and trained personnel. The internal audit function has been co-sourced to a specialist internal audit division of Hoffman Fisher PFK Inc.

There are inherent limitations in the effectiveness of any internal control systems, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention of overriding of controls. Accordingly, even an effective internal control system can provide only a limited amount of assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and the safeguarding of assets. Furthermore, the effectiveness of an internal control system can change with circumstances. Corrective action is taken as and when control deficiencies or opportunities for improvement in the systems are identified. Nothing has come to the attention of the board (through the audit committee) to indicate that any material breach of those controls has occurred during the year under review.

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE (continued…)

Staff participation and development

The company subscribes to the principle of equality. As Apple Commuters (Pty) Limited has only 1 permanent employees, a formal employee forum has not been formed. However, weekly meetings are held and all employees participate.

An Employment Equity programme forms part of the group's training and business programme.

Code of Ethics

The Code of Ethics commits the company to the highest standards of integrity, behaviour and ethics dealing with all its stakeholders, including its directors, managers, employees, customers, suppliers, competitors, investors and society at large. Directors and staff are expected to observe their ethical obligations in such a way as to carry on business only through fair commercial competitive practices.

Environment, health and safety

Apple Commuters values the occupational health and safety of its employees. We take every reasonable precaution to ensure a safe working environment for all its employees. Apple Commuters conducts its business with due consideration for environment issues and has appointed a committee to address the environmental impact of its business activities, as well as all health and safety aspects of the business.

The King Report on Corporate Governance for South Africa 00

The board is reviewing this report and the requisite improvements to the company's corporate governance procedures and policies will be implemented in the next financial year.

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE (continued…)

Statement of Responsibility by the Board of Directors

The directors are responsible for the preparation, integrity and fair presentation of the financial statement and other financial information included in this report.

The financial statements, presented on pages 16 to have been prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Practice, and included amounts based on judgments and estimates made by management.

The going-concern basis has been adopted in preparing the financial statement. The directors have no reason to believe that the Company will not be going concerns in the foreseeable future based on forecasts and available cash resources. The financial statements support the viability of the Company.

The financial statements have been audited by the independent accounting firm, Hoffman Fisher PFK (JHB) INC, which was given unrestricted access to all financial records and related data, including minutes of all meetings of shareholders, the Board of Directors and committees of the Board. The directors believe that all representations made to the independent auditors during the audit were valid and appropriate.

The financial statements, which appear on pages 16 to were approved by the Board of Directors on 17 July 00 and signed on its behalf

Chairman Managing Director

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE (continued…)

Statement of Company Secretary

I, Patrick Sibanda, being the Company Secretary of Apple Commuters (Pty) Limited, certify that all returns required of a public company, have in respect of the year under review been lodged with the Registrar of Companies and that all such returns are true, correct and up to date.

P Sibanda

Company Secretary

AUDITORS' REPORT

Report of the Independent Auditors

To the members of Apple Commuters (Pty) Limited

We have audited the annual financial statements of Apple Commuters (Pty) Limited as set out on pages x to xx for the year ended 1 March 00. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's directors. Our responsibility is to report on these financial statements based on our audit.

Scope

We conducted our audit in accordance with statements of South African Auditing Standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance that the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes

· Examine, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements;

· Assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management; and

· Evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.

We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Audit Opinion

In our opinion, the financial statements fairly present, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company and the Group at 1 March 00, and the results of their operations and cash flows for the year then ended in accordance with generally accepted accounting practice and in the manner required by the Companies Act.

Hoffmann Fisher PFK (JHB) INC

Chartered Accountants (SA)

Registration number 14/0066/1

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Annual Financial Statements

For the year ended 8 February 00

Ø Income Statement

Ø Balance Sheet

Ø Cash Flow Statement

Ø Ratios

Ø Notes to the Financial Statements

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Income Statement of Apple Commuters (Pty) Ltd for year ended 8 February 00.

R 000 R 000 R 000

000 001 00

Turnover 6,.0 64,450.0 66,500.0

Trading Income ,8.0 ,88.0 4,07.0

Interest Received 61.0 6.0 66.0

Interest Paid -1,48.0 -1,511.0 -1,640.0

Income Before Tax 1,545.0 ,45.0 ,.0

Tax -,46.5 -,70.5 -,.

Outside Shareholders interest - - -

Earnings After Tax ,081.5 ,704.5 ,.1

Extraordinary Item - - -

Distributable Income ,081.5 ,704.5 ,.1

Dividends -5,000.0 -5,000.0 -5,000.0

Retained Income 17,081.5 17,704.5 18,.1

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Balance Sheet of Apple Commuters (Pty) Ltd as at 8 February 00.

R 000 R 000 R 000

Assets 000 001 00

Fixed Assets 6,86.0 5,5.5 ,55.6

Property & Equipment ,567.5 ,567.5 ,10.6

Transport Fleet 4,4.5 ,55.0 1,450.0

Investments & Loans 1,650.0 1,650.0 1,650.0

Current Assets 5,858. 7,40.1 8,181.5

Debtors 5,60.7 5,81.8 6,557.

Bank 168. 1,58. 1,64.

Total Assets 4,70. 4,574.6 ,84.1

Liabilities

Capital and Reserves

Share capital ,500.0 ,500.0 ,500.0

Retained Income 17,081.5 17,704.5 18,.1

Shareholders interest 0,581.5 1,04.5 1,8.1

Outside Shareholders interest 0.7 0.8 1.0

Non Current Liabilities

Loan 1,5.6 11,57.0 10,00.0

Current Liabilities 1,56.1 1,41. 1,50.0

Creditors 1,56.1 1,41. 1,50.0

Total Liabilities 4,70. 4,574.6 ,84.1

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Cash Flow Statement

Notes

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES

Cash generated by/(utilised from) operations 1 14 64

Cash (utilised)/generated by an (increase)/decrease in working capital (14)

Cash generated by/(utilised from) operating activities 14 81

Taxation paid (10 000)

Dividends Paid (5 000)

Net cash generated from/(utilised in) operating activities (17)

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES

Purchase of tangible fixed assets 0

Proceeds on disposal of tangible fixed assets 4 44

Interest received 66

Net cash (utilised)/generated from investing activities 4 40

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES

Interest paid (1 640)

(Decrease)/increase in Loan (1 7)

Net cash from/(utilised in) financing activities ( 567)

Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 744

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 5 81

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year 6 557

check 0

F FINANCIAL STATEMENTSNOTES

1. Cash generated/(utilised) from operating activities

Profit/(Loss) before taxation

Adjusted for

Depreciation 1 4

Finance costs 1 574

Loss/(profit) on disposal of assets (1 867)

14 64

1. Cash (utilised)/generated by an (increase)/decrease in working capital

(Increase)/decrease in inventory 0

(Increase)/decrease in Accounts receivable (5)

Increase/(decrease) in Accounts payable (108)

(14)

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Ratios

Ratio Analysis

Liquidity

Current Ratio 4.7 5. 5.4

Profitability

% net profit 5.4% 5.% 5.0%

% Return on Net Assets 66.68% 68.46% 7.%

% Return on Total Assets 64.4% 65.67% 6.8%

% Return on Equity 107.8% 107.07% 106.87%

% Return on Capital Employed 66.68% 68.46% 7.%

Leverage

% debt ratio 40.1% 8.67% 4.60%

% debt to equity 66.% 6.05% 5.0%

Efficiency

Assume COS 50% of sales 1164.50 5.00 50.00

debtors days 6

creditors days 15 16 17

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Notes to the financial statements

Revenue 00 001

Rand (000s) Rand (000s)

Cash Fares 1,451 4,11

Pre-Paid Fares ,184 18,87

Service & Repairs 1,865 11,458

66,500 64,450

Operating Expenditure 00 001

Rand (000s) Rand (000s)

Payroll 5,01 5,81

Fuels & Oils 1,01 18,057

Administration 1,11 1,100

Depreciation 775 85

Operating lease charges 4,0 ,4

Other expenses 750 75

1,5 0,617

Net Financing Costs 00 001

Rand (000s) Rand (000s)

Long Term Borrowings 1,505 1,4

Bank and Short Term Borrowing 105 74

Capitalised finance lease 7 7

Interest Received -66 -

1,640 1,511

Taxation 00 001

Rand (000s) Rand (000s)

RSA Normal Taxation - Current Year 8,61 8,744

RSA Normal Taxation - Prior Year 1,0 87

Deferred Taxation - Current Year - -

Deferred Taxation - Prior Year - -

10,000 ,71

Property & Equipment 00 001

Rand (000s) Rand (000s)

Freehold Land & Buildings 1,78 1,58

Plant, Machinery and other 75 86

,10 ,568

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Notes to the financial statements

Transport Fleet 00 001

Rand (000s) Rand (000s)

Net Book Value a beginning of year 1,450 0,07

Additions ,74 ,800

(Disposals) -46 -58

Depreciation -775 -85

,55 1,450

Retained Income 00 001

Rand (000s) Rand (000s)

Balance at beginning of year 75,8 58,00

Net profit for this year , ,08

Dividends Paid -5,000 -5,000

4,15 75,8

Share Capital 00 001

Rand (000s) Rand (000s)

Opening Balance ,500 ,500

Issue of new shares - -

repurchase of shares - -

,500 ,500

Long Term Borrowings 00 001

Rand (000s) Rand (000s)

Bond - Repayment Due 00 ,48 ,8

Bond - Repayment Due 004 ,8 ,4

Bond - Repayment Due 005 ,4 5,45

10,00 11,57

Off Balance Sheet Financing 00 001

Rand (000s) Rand (000s)

Value of leased fleet 40,57 40,0

4,0 ,4

OPERATING COSTS

SUMMARY OF

OPERATING EXPENSES FOR PERIOD 00

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

RECORDED GROWTH OVER THE LAST

THREE FINANCIAL YEARS.

RATIO ANALYSIS

Ratio Analysis

Profitability

Ratio 000 001 00

Net Profit Percentage 5.4% 5.% 5.1%

Gross Profit Percentage _ _ _

Mark Up Percentage _ _ _

Ratio 000 001 00

Return on Total Assets 64.% 65.7% 6.%

Return on Net Assets 5.4% 5.% 5.1%

Return on Capital Employed 107.% 107.1% 106.%

Return on Equity 66.7% 68.5% 7.%

Liquidity

Ratio 000 001 00

Current Ratio 4.7 5. 5.4

Acid Test 4.7 5. 5.4

Leverage

Ratio 000 001 00

Debt Ratio 40.1% 8.7% 4.6%

Debt to equity 66.% 6.1% 5.%

Interest .0 .4 1.

EFFICIENCY

Efficiency

Ratio 000 001 00

Asset Turnover 1.8 1.7 .0

Creditor Days 15 16 17

Debtor Days 6

RISK ANALYSIS

.8 Risk analysis

Using the Ernst and Young risk model as a basis we have compiled a risk profile of the South African organisation as well as comments. The profile is graded as Green = low risk, Yellow = medium risk, Red = high risk.

Area ITEM COMMENT

People & culture Human resource Low staff turnover over the last two years

Legal Liability Liability in accident situation

Contracts All contracts reviewed by lawyers

Legislative Need to review our legislative requirements

Market Interest rate Unstable in South Africa.

Liquidity & credit Collectibility Low bad debts historically, cash business

Cash management Cash business

Reporting Tax Reviewed with auditors

Accounting Reviewed with auditors

Capital structure Debt Good debt history

Stakeholders Supplier Cash purchases

Customer Wide customer base

Government Reviewed with auditors

Governance Reputation Good overall reputation

Strategic planning In the process of reviewing this

Ethics Sound ethics

Corporate monitoring Needs to be reviewed since group changes

Market structure Economics Fair economic practice within the country

Market dynamics Market restricted in project size

Competitor Stable company in an unstable competitor market

Systems Hardware Requirements met

Software Need to review licensing

Information management Operations Need to implement procedures

Planning & develop Need to implement procedures

Process Marketing & selling Need to review documentation

Products and delivery Need to review documentation

Support processes Need to implement procedures

Physical assets Asset base All assets covered by sufficient insurance

Please note that this sample paper on Apple Commuters Finance Assignment is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Apple Commuters Finance Assignment, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom research papers on Apple Commuters Finance Assignment will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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