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Monday, March 2, 2020

How closely has Mark Herman adapted "little Voice" from Tennesse Williams' "Glass Menagerie"?

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Mark Herman's Little Voice and Tennessee Williams Glass Menagerie are very similar, in many ways yet the two also have their many differences. In both stories, the girl, Laura or LV is searching for freedom, and they live in a one-parent family where the dad either died or ran off a long time ago.


The Glass Menagerie is set in America in the 140's-150's. The Wingfield family consists of Amanda Amanda is physically small, full of life, but grasping for another era of gentility or civility that no longer exists, however is also admirable, pitiable and laughable at the same time; Laura is the daughter of Amanda and the brother of tom. She is crippled and walks with a limp and a brace. Laura has retreated into her own fragile world that centers around her collection of glass figurines; Tom is an aspiring poet, and works at the warehouse to support his sister and mother. He can't take much more of the numbing life he now leads; he plans to make an escape.


The Glass Menagerie is a memory play. Tom is the narrator and it is through his memory that we gain access to the action of the play. He is a struggling poet, working miserably at the shoe warehouse to support his mother (Amanda) and sister (Laura). The father ran away years ago and except for one postcard, he was never heard from again.


The family situation is like a time bomb waiting to go off. Laura is a bashful, modest and reserved creature who has retreated from her world into a world or her own making a collection of glass animals. Amanda is a woman grasping desperately for the elegant fashion of her youth, now non-existent. Although she wants the best for her children, her nagging and intervention are overwhelming. Tom cannot bear this life for much longer, Movies offer him an escape through vicarious adventure, but it is now no longer enough. He feels the urge to follow his father's footsteps and find adventure of his own.


Afraid that Laura will end up an unmarried woman, Amanda is obsessed with the idea of a gentleman caller. The drama centers around a visit from one such witting young man, and its disastrous effect on Laura's fragile universe.


Little Voice is set in the 10's in England. The main character LV is played by Jane Horrocks, she is in her young 0's, she has negative traits about herself which are that she is pessimistic and secretive, LV is extremely sensitive in the way that she is naïve, has feelings of guilt, self doubt, sad, scared, shy, insecure, and is emotionally vulnerable and insecure. Mari (played by Brenda Blethyn) is LV's mother. She is in her mid 40's, and her negative traits are jealousy, she is burned out, unapologetic, domineering, demanding, quick to anger, greedy, cynical, and money angry.


Little Voice is a magical musical comedy chat the power and perils of expression. Little Voice is based on one of London's most acclaimed hit plays called " the rise and Fall of Little Voice". The story follows the mysterious LV, who lives in the dark attic of an untidy disheveled house on a dead end street in a seaside town of Northern England. Ever since her father's death, LV has been silent, spending her days listening to his incredible, classic record collection and living in the enchanted charm of his favourite singers and performers. Meanwhile, her motor mouthed mother Mari is living it up, continuing on a boozy cruise for exciting lovers.


Then a man struts into Mari's life Ray Say, a sleazy and spectacularly unsuccessful local talent agent. Meanwhile LV has a revolutionary run-in of her own with a man almost as shy as she is-a telephone repairman named Bill, who isn't much for vocal communication. It is the first time that anyone other than her father, has paid any attention to her.


LV may not speak, but she does sing, uncannily capturing the legendary inflections and personas of Judy Garland, Marlene Dietrich, Shirley Bassey, and Marilyn Monroe. Just as things were opening up for LV, Ray Say, hears the magical strains of Judy Garland coming from her room, and realizes that that is no ghost, it's LV. Stunned by her talent, he smells the big time. Desperation and dreams collide as he and Mari stake everything on making the terrified LV into a star. When LV's private gift becomes a public spectacle, she stands in the crossroads of losing her soul, or finding her own true voice.


In Little Voice there is no Tom. However Tom's character in Glass Menagerie is made into the character Ray Say's in Little Voice. Other differences between the two are that in the Glass Menagerie, the father had run away years ago, and in Little Voice, the father had died. In Glass Menagerie, Laura did not sing as in Little voice, however she still listened and loved her fathers records. In both stories, there is a picture hanging from LV's/Laura's room, of their father. Although he doesn't appear in the movie or play, he still plays a major role in the development of LV/ Laura. It is the father figure in Little Voice that makes her into a singing Diva. Before Mari knew that LV could sing as well as she could, Mari paid no attention to her at all, but as soon as she found out that her daughters special talent could earn her money, she did everything to get her up on stage. Finally this got too much for LV, and she blew up at her. She got sick of all that her mother did to treat her like dirt. She yelled and screamed at her, telling her that she was sick of it. This would never of happened in Glass Menagerie because in the 140's, to yell at ones mother like that would be totally disrespectful. Another difference between the two is that Glass Menagerie is set in the time of poverty, it is clear that the Wingfield family are struggling with their everyday life because of the money aspect. Little Voice seems to have no upfront problems with money.


In both stories, Laura and LV are searching for freedom. Laura in Glass Menagerie is searching for freedom from the constant bickering between Tom, Amanda and herself. LV is searching for freedom from her mother's promiscuous behaviour. In Little Voice, LV finds love in Bill. Bill is the telephone repairman. Bill and LV can relate to each other because neither Bill nor LV were ones for verbal communication. Bill expresses his emotions and feelings through the love for his pigeons, while LV expresses herself through her singing, mostly towards her father.


There was one stage in Glass Menagerie when Laura though that she could've fallen in love. This was with Jim O'Connor. Jim was a star in high school, where he knew both tom and Laura. Now he is a shipping clerk at the warehouse where Tom also works. He is an ordinary guy with a straightforward vision of success. Tom invited him over to dinner after Amanda was worried of Laura ending up a spinster (unmarried woman). Amanda nagged him to bring home someone for Laura to meet. By the end of the night, Jim had really made Laura come out of her shell. However all hopes of love were shattered, when at the end of the night, Jim announced that he was to be married later that year.


Glass Menagerie and Little Voice are very similar in the way that the characters have the same character traits, and the story line is similar, but the two are also very different. Mark Herman adapted his Little Voice from Williams' Glass Menagerie, very well because it is not too similar and not too different. It had to be different in some ways because of the plagiarism and copyright laws. The two stories are so alike, yet so different which is what made the adaptation from Glass Menagerie to Little Voice so well done.


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Friday, February 28, 2020

Life

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LIFE......


A True Genius and Intelligent person posess two things....


1..Knowledge....


..Wisdom...... Cheap College Papers on Life


Knowledge can be attained by hard work....


By reading good books....


By reading news papers....


In Company of great professors and Successful Personalities....


But Wisdom..WISDOM is God Gifted....


The Common sense....


The IQ Level....


The Intelligence....


One can do nothing to achieve it....


Even unwise people never know that they dont have wisdom....


Somepeople say that GOD has given equal wisdom to all humans....


I dont agree with these people....


Even medical science says that human mind has folds..


The greater the folds the greater the IQ....


Anyhow....


The question is how can one know that he is wise or not????......


The duffers are also sure that they are wise....


But the true born always remain in suspense......


Anyhow......


There is a common thing among all wise people..


Point of view about life....


WHAT IS LIFE??????....


This is a serious question....


I know that many great philosophers had solved that question....


But if we think that we are wise we have to solve that question ourself....


Instead of agreeing on others point of view....


In our criticizing society if someone sits for a while to think about something..


He is immediately asked if he is having a headache??....


And if someone askes this question..


I mean WHAT IS LIFE????....


He is advised to consult a psycatrist....


well....


what to say....


I have my own philosophy about life......


So..


I will try to explain it to you....


1....First of all....


LIFE MEANS TO MAKE GIVEN CONDITIONS IDEAL......


Everybody..


Everywhere..


Everytime is busy to make his lifestyle better....


....HOW CAN WE MAKE OUR GIVEN CONDITIONS IDEAL??????....


By three things..


MONEY..


POWER....


RESPECT....


Everyone want to achieve these three things....


whatever whoever is doing is for these three things....


Even my aim in life is to achieve these three things in age of 6-8 and enjoy the rest of my life.....


I think that most of people already know the story I have narrated until....


But there are someother questions..and points..about which only few people can think????


Like sometimes I imagine that if I succeed in achieving my aims....


what would I do next????....


Like what would I am supposed to do with MONEY..POWER..AND RESPECT......


I am narrating a quote here....


THERE ARE TWO THINGS TO AIM IN LIFE...ONE IS TO GET WHAT YOU WANT AND THE OTHER IS TO ENJOY IT..AND ONLY THE WISEST OF THE MANKIND ACHIEVE THE SECOND........


So I decided that I want to enjoy these things which I want to achieve....


But another question arises here..


How to Enjoy these things????....


Enjoy Alone???..or


Enjoy with Some People????


So the complete statement I reached is..


I WANT TO MAKE MY LIFE IDEAL AND ENJOY MY LIFE WITH MY FAMILY..WITH MY FRIENDS..WITH THOSE WHO LOVE ME AND WITH THOSE WHO I LOVE......


Now here comes another question in mind....


what does it mean by Family????....


Friends????....


Those who love me??...or


Those who I love??????


Now my Family means..


My father..


My mother..


My brothers......


After some years My family will be My Wife.....


Then after decade..


My Wife and My Children....


Then after -4 decades I will use the term Family for my Grandchildrens..and Etc Etc..


so Family doesnt remain same...


same is the case with friends....


I am not even sure that my best friend will be with me tomorrow or not......


SO I CONCLUDED......


LIFE IS UNPREDICTABLE....


NO ONE CANT PREDICT HIS LIFE....


NOTHING IS LASTING....


NOTHING IS FOR SURE..


NOTHING IS TRUE......


EXCEPT ONE THING....


OUR FAITH..


OUR RELIGION....


OUR GOD....ALLAH..


Point of view of religious people is ISLAM......


Most of people start their discussion with ISLAM....


And their is possibility for them to change....


But I have concluded all discussion and thoughts on ISLAM.....


There is only one true friend man can have....


And that is ALLAH....


Our Lord....


SO THE CONCLUSION IS....


1....Make sure that ALLAH is your lord....


And ISLAM is your religion......


....Make True friends....


Love everyone, even the corrupt ones and make other people love you....


Infact LIVE LIKE A CANDLE WHICH BURNS ITSELF AND GIVES LIGHT TO OTHERS......


....Go for your aims....


Work hard to achieve all those things you have dreamed........


And try to make your every friend your best friend....


Donot hide your feelings in your heart....


And always think optimistically......


ALWAYS LOOK ON THE BRIGHT SIDE....


If you do all these things....


You will say yourself that LIFE IS BEAUTIFUL......


Understand your friends and make them understand you....


Care for other feelings and always remember that everyone has a heart........


Also remember me in your prayers......


Please note that this sample paper on Life is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Life, we are here to assist you. Your cheap research papers on Life will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.


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Thursday, February 27, 2020

Marketing Case Study-Cadbury Schweppes Oasis

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INTRODUCTION


Oasis The Product


Sales successes in the UK included the relaunch of Schweppes with new graphics, new


Advertising and the new Schweppes Sparkling range (a mixture of fruit juice and spring water), together with an 84% increase in Dr Pepper volumes and 0% growth from Oasis. Trading profit in the UK included only one month's bottling profits from CCSB (sold in February), which continues as our bottler under new long term licensing arrangements.


Cheap Custom Essays on Marketing Case Study-Cadbury Schweppes Oasis


Cadbury Schweppes The Company


Cadbury Schweppes is a global business, which manufactures, markets and distributes branded products in over 00 countries. It aims to provide pleasure, taste and enjoyment through the manufacture and marketing of a wide range of beverage and confectionery brands sold to consumers of all ages.


Cadbury Schweppes employs over 40,000 people worldwide. The Groups strategy is to increase profitability, brand strength and volume on a global basis in its two business streams, beverages and confectionery, through a combination of internal growth, targeted acquisitions and joint ventures. In the beverages business, Cadbury Schweppes is currently No in global soft drinks, where it licenses its brands to bottling partners in countries and has its own or joint venture bottling operations in a further 14 countries.


NEW PRODUCTS DEVELOPMENT


Cadbury Schweppes objective for the development of Oasis was


1. To grow the market of 'New Age' soft drinks in the UK;


. To increase Cadbury Schweppes share of the non-alcoholic beverages industry in the UK.


The concept of 'New age soft drinks was developed after market research identified the growth of soft drinks and a definite gap in the market for something non alcoholic but not 'Fizzy' example iced tea, herbal drinks, flavoured waters and sparkling juices.


IDEA GENERATION


Monitoring international trends


The trend in the US soft drink industry was a significant shift towards the 'New age' soft drinks, a growth of $6 billion. Observations of the similar products launched in the UK gave the Marketing manager, Andrew Mann reason to believe that 'New age' drinks would be a major success in UK.


The diagram below show the actual figure for the years 16 and 17 on a global scale


Studied demographic trends in the UK


The aging population in the UK may be health conscious and there preference for a beverage would be that of a non-alcoholic, less sweet, no fizz and more natural drink.


There was a distinct shift in the soft drink culture that was bringing significant changes to the soft drink market. There was a likelihood of adults who have grown up with a soft drinks culture to continue drinking soft drinks as adults. However, their tastes are for something less sweet- and fizzy.


SCREENING


Cadbury Schweppes being a socially responsible company found thru


Comparative studies other successful premium products.


There had been an increase in growth of the premium area of other segments in the UK such as premium crisps, such as Doritos and Phileas Fogg, and for premium ice creams


IDEA EVALUATION


Concept testing reactions from customers and rough estimates of costs, sales and profits. With Oasis, both qualitative and quantitative market research was carried out. CADBURY SCHWEPPES focused both in an out of London with regard to qualitative market research. A survey was


Carried out of Snapple a product owned by Quaker Oats and Fruitopia a product owned by Coca-Cola Beverages. UK respondents felt that Snapple was boring whilst Fruitopia flavours were too weird. The advertising was also considered bizarre and psychedelic. Consumers had reservations about the two competitive brands and this suggested the gap in the market for a product between these two extremes.


Concept testing was limited to the lemon, orange and red fruit drinks combination as these formed the base for all juices and the ones most frequently consumed.


DEVELOPMENT


The new product development process took nine months in a consumer market where launch may take up to two years.


Marketing Mix


Product


The product contains still spring water and 10% real fruit juice.


It has a healthy image based on use of only natural colors and flavorings


Free from preservatives and additives


The bottle is made of glass to suit the adult target market


The 75ml wide mouth bottle is resalable for ease.


Price


Consumers are price insensitive and are impulsive buyers.


Place


Oasis is strongest in the 'impulse' purchase sector.


Promotion


Ø Cadbury Schweppes has a massive sales force that sells their products.


Ø 500 students are employed every summer to make product drops


Ø Promotional Budget


.5 million Television and Poster advertising.


Ø Recall figures for oasis are 80 % whereas for the competitors it was 75% for Fruitopia and Snapple 0%.


Ø Aside from television and poster advertising radio, magazines and promotional support which includes sponsorships of capital radio show "hall of fame'.


Ø Pull factors such as refreshment guarantees to encourage initial purchases.


COMMERCIALIZATION


The final commercialization phase involved the finalization of the marketing plan. The product was launched in three flavors because of preference in the UK market and also because retailers would be more likely to carry all three flavors, which would improve the product launch. The propriety bottle design centered on a reseal able glass bottle and based on a 75ml quantity and packaged in cases of 1 units. The pricing of the product indicated its premium position and impulse buyers would be price insensitive. Also the smaller unit packaging enabled independent retailers to be able to stock the product. The availability of the product was through outlets where impulse purchases was encouraged garage forecourts, cooler cabinets and newsagents. A plan-o-gram was provided to assist retailers to encourage them in stocking the core OASIS range and display it to the best advantage.


Market introduction stage, sales are low as a new idea is first introduced to a market. Customers arent looking for the product. Even if the product offers superior value, customers dont even know about it. Informative promotion is needed to tell potential customers about the advantages and uses of the new-product concept.


As in the case of oasis the introductory stage was quite rapid, the original idea was developed in 14 and the product was launches in a matter of months.


Growth stage The market has accepted the product and a very rapid increase in market size is likely. The competition usually gets quite intense at this stage.


Oasis has reached this stage and will probably start to experience a slight decline from here because of the growing compettion.


Market Maturity market maturity stage occurs when industry sales level off--and competition gets tougher.


Sales decline stage, new products replace the old. Price competition from dying products becomes more vigorous--but firms with strong brands may make profits until the end. The market introduction stage, sales are low as a new idea is first introduced to a market. Customers arent looking for the product. Even if the product offers superior value, customers dont even know about it. Informative promotion is needed to tell potential customers about the advantages and uses of the new-product concept.


Fruitopia, which was the product that withdrew from the UK market because of the introduction of oasis, was at this stage in the life cycle.


Oasis would be in the Growth stage of the product life cycle.


KEY SUCCESS FACTORS OF OASIS


Ø The cross-functional launch team gave new and fresh innovation to creation of a new product;


Ø CADBURY SCHWEPPES properly researched the market and correctly (skill) identified the gap in the soft drinks market between the UK and the US;


Ø The new product development stages were maximized;


Ø The advertising campaign was based on a down to earth approach in keeping with the stereotype approach;


Ø The "awareness" campaign was well propagated;


Ø The withdrawal of competitors was not seen as a measure of success but as a stepping stone to more product innovation;


Ø The brand extensions gave more durability to the product;


Ø Top management support for the launch of Oasis and support in the success of the product;


Ø The outsourcing of the bottling function to Coca-Cola and the franchising of the brands to CCSB which also distributes competitive products created a strategic and clever alliance to have Oasis on the same shelf as other competitive products reaching more target markets; and


Ø The adoption of the product by other target markets, not just the premium sector.


Cadbury Schweppes Strategies


Present product/Present market- was the decision of the company to partially withdraw from the beverage market by selling its non-US soft drinks business to Coca-Cola in 1 for £0.7m since its market share in the beverage industry outside the US was low. Similarly, Cadbury Schweppes has been consolidating in the chocolate block sector because this has shown the fastest growth of late. In 18, it increased its marketing expenditures in this sector by 6 per cent and used promotional tools such as limited editions of 50 per cent extra free Cadburys Dairy Milk to counteract similar strategies that Mars had introduced on its Galaxy range.


Present products/New markets - that the appropriate strategy would be one of market development. This was apparent when Cadbury Schweppes moved into Poland as a result of the 17 per cent per annum growth in the Polish chocolate market during the 10s. In 15, Cadburys Picnic bar was targeted at Polish consumers in the 15-4 age group with the slogan Cadburys Picnic, bite it. Three years later, in 18, sales of Cadbury's Snack were aimed at the Polish 16-44 year olds with the advertising line of sweet, light, snackotomy.


New products/New markets- involves a more complicated strategy, which companies can pursue. The general strategy of Cadbury Schweppes has been to limit its diversification strategy and not to stray too much from its core competencies. However, a useful example of this strategic cell in operation was the companys acquisition in 10 of Basset and Trebor, which were in the sugar confectionery market (sweets, toffees, gums, etc.) as distinct from the chocolate confectionery market, where the strength of the Cadbury Schweppes is well known. This related diversification into new products and markets continued in 15 with the companys acquisition of Allan Candy of Canada. In the beverage section, the acquisition in 17 of Jaret International Inc., a leading US sugar confectionery distributor, provides an example of forward diversification towards the market for its new sugar confectionery products.


Niche market Oasis is a brand totally adapted to the UK market young adults between 0-5(this is one of the key reasons for its success).


Yet, strategic emphasis is currently being placed on the development of global brands, Schweppes, Dr Pepper and Seven-Up.


It is important to future innovation within the company that a top management policy is developed for subsidiary-led innovation within the new structure.


The focus was for oasis penetrates a niche market that would satisfy the tastes of young UK customers.


Cadbury Schweppes followed a niche market penetration with the primary objective to maximize the number of triers and adopters in the target segment (adult over 0 years old in the soft drinks market). The market characteristics were such that customers were likely to adopt the product relatively quickly with a short adoption process. The product characteristics involved relatively a simple production process, with little development or additional investment required (packaging). The competitor characteristics indicated some competitors (Snapple and Fruitopia).


Mass Market Penetration


With the growth of oasis in the UK the number of customers increased not only from the initial target market but also from a different age groups.


The initial target market was young people between 0 5 years but due to the product and marketing sophistication the product it appealed to 16 0 years olds who want to be seen consuming premium products in the hope of attaining a sophisticated, mature image.


The another reason for mass penetration is the replacement of lower selling oasis flavours by new ones identified through consumer research; and brand extensions with the release of oasis light and oasis revitaliser. This latter move can be seen as creating a niche market within a mass market to cater for the needs of a different segment of still juice market.


The strategy however the company characteristic typified a mass-market situational variable in that Cadbury Schweppes possessed sufficient financial and organizational resources to build capacity in advance of growth in demand. This is illustrated by the move into mass-market penetration where oasis was able to capture 70% of the market within 18 months of launch.


STRATEGY FOR OASIS - SOUTH AFRICAN CONTEXT


Evaluation of the Beverage Industry in South Africa


( Facts taken from Euromonitor.com and Distell.co.za)


Alcoholic Drinks


As new consumer spending patterns emerged in response to muted growth in


Disposable income, spending on alcoholic beverages is also declining.


The increase of 10% in excise duty has also played a role in this regard. The market as


A whole has declined by 1,5% over the past 1 months, with consumption of


Spirits down by 1% and that of beer by 6%. Although growth in fortified wines has been marginal, sales of natural wines have grown by % and of alcoholic fruit


Beverages by 0%.


The Alcoholic beverage decline is a positive sign for the soft drink industry this is due to the fact that people are becoming more health conscious and aware of the negative effects of alcohol.


NonAlcoholic / Soft Drinks


Research shows soft drinks continue to show positive growth in the review period to reach a forecast total market volume of more than


. billion litres in 00


Up % on the 17 figure


Carbonates and concentrates were still the largest sectors in the South African soft drinks market in value terms at the end of the review period.


The sustained position of these two sectors can be attributed to the fact that they are well established in the South African market.


Both of these sectors remained fairly stable in their growth rates over the review period.


Sectors show varying degrees of dynamism


The sectors with most dynamic growth in 001/00 are


Bottled water,


Functional drinks,


Driven predominantly by growth in the sports drinks sub sector,


and RTD tea.


All three of these sectors are driven by increased health consciousness among consumers as well as the fact that these drinks are perceived as being trendy. Consumers supporting these sectors tend to come predominantly from the middle and upper income groupings.


At the other end of the scale, some market sectors were seen to have remained fairly stable in their growth rates in the review period, with some subsectors growing while others declined.


Carbonates and fruit/vegetable juice tended to remain fairly stable although some categories within the various sectors displayed significant growth, bucking the overall trend. For example, growth in 100% juice was substantial during the review period, when compared with that seen


The review period, a fact not mirrored by areas like nectars and juice drinks.


Gambling and mobile phones hit potential for growth as a less disposable income to buy soft drinks


South African manufacturers have continued to note the importance of the growing trends towards gambling and mobile phones throughout the population, a trend that has reduced consumers' available disposable income to be spent on items like soft drinks.


However, there has been a growing recognition of the difference in purchases between various economic groups within South Africa.


Sectors like bottled water, functional drinks and RTD tea have become increasingly dominated by purchases from middle and upper income groups.


Lower income consumers, those most affected by the shrinking amounts of disposable income, are thought to form the majority of the consumer base for the comparatively cheap products found in concentrates and carbonates.


Economic instability inhibited sector's development


The rand depreciated by approximately 4% towards the end of 001 and continued to depreciate over the first six months of 00.


Fuel prices increased, followed shortly by retailers dramatically marking up their prices of everyday foodstuffs.


The day-to-day living expenses of consumers therefore increased tremendously at the end of 001 and over 00.


This, in turn, had a substantial effect on the amount of disposable income available to purchase soft drinks.


This caused volume growth rates in some areas to slow in the final year of the review period.


Emerging sectors likely to lead the charge up to 007


Predicts that the average annual volume growth in the forecast period will be around 5%.


This growth is expected to be driven by the emerging sectors of 001/00, such as functional drinks, bottled water and RTD tea.


The comparatively high rates of growth in these sectors is expected to be driven by high income consumers purchasing drinks the market perceives as being healthy and cutting edge.


It is thought, in the longer term, that as middle income consumers become wealthier many will join in this purchasing practice, continuing the growth in these areas.


WILL THE LAUNCH OF OASIS IN SOUTH AFRICA WORK?


YES,


There are many positive factors that would make South Africa a favourable market for the oasis product.


The reasons as mentioned above are


(ii) The decline in Alcoholic beverage's is a positive sign for the soft drink industry this means that more the exixting alcohol consumers will be in the market for alternative drinks.


(iii) soft drinks continue to show positive growth in the review period to reach a forecast total market volume of more than . billion litres in 00 up % on the 17 figure.


(iv) The sectors with the most dynamic growth in 001 and 00 was the bottled water, functional drinks and RTD tea have become increasingly dominated by purchases from middle and upper income groups. Oasis is targeted at this sector in the UK and US.


(v) Emerging sectors likely to lead the charge up to 007 are the functional drinks, bottled water and RTD tea sectors. The comparatively high rates of growth in these sectors is expected to be driven by high income consumers purchasing drinks the market perceives as being healthy and cutting edge.


The strategy of niche marketing should be exercised in South Africa as it was in the UK. Niche penetration would be most appropriate because of the high income consumers with disposable income.


(vi) It is thought, in the longer term, that as middle income consumers become wealthier many will join in this purchasing practice, continuing the growth in these areas.


This may result in a mass marketing strategy as in the UK market where the initially targeted age group become bigger.


However there are negative factors as well, such as


(ii) Gambling and mobile phones hit potential for growth as a result people are left with less disposable income to buy items such as soft drinks.


(iii) Economic instability inhibited sector's development


CONCLUSION


After weighing the pro's and con's I am of the opinion that launching Oasis in South Africa will be a good business move for Cadbury Schweppes.


Cadbury Schweppes as a company has a strategy of developing and expanding markets


with a range of brands using the most efficient and value creating route to market focusing on key international brands and new products, innovating in flavor extensions, packaging and routes to market therefore for these reasons and the reasons mention in the previous topic market penetration into South Africa will be favourable.


REFERENCES


1. Cadburyschweppes.com


. Paloalto.com


. Distell.co.za


4. Euromonitor.com


5. Beveragemarketing.com


6. Perreault WD, McCarthy EJ, BASIC MARKETING A GLOBAL MANAGERIAL APPROACH, 14th edition, McGraw-Hill Irwin, 00.


7. Walker jr OC, Boyd jr HW, Mullins J, Larreche JC, MARKETING STRATEGY A DECISION FOCUSED APPROACH, 00.


8. Strydom J W et al, INTRODUCTION TO MARKETING, 16.


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Tuesday, February 25, 2020

PERSONAL GOALS

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I have been asking myself a question, what is it that I really want out of my life? This question has been on my mind since my freshman year of high school. To start, I must try to figure out the path, which will lead me to the comfortable life. One might ask, what is that comfort that we all are striving for? Is it a state of mind or is it some unknown world that we are so eager to enter? Well it varies from person to person, depending on your level of success. One of the biggest parts of decision-making, like going back to college, can be very difficult for most of us. Most people I associate with believe that success depends on your family's background that you have. There are those who say if the person was raised in a rich family, all opportunities are available to them and there is a good chance that person will live a comfortable life. Those same people are saying that if a person was raised in a poor family there are too many obstacles to overcome and most of the time these barriers on the way are too hard to cross.


I have witnessed being born in a rich family helps a great deal during the course of your life. You are brought up in the household that provides the best condition for exploring the world, and its greatness. There are no worries about the basic needs like food, shelter or security, and all the resources are provided being the excessive amount of money. Being born in a rich family also means meeting people and making the contacts earlier in life, which will later be helpful in that most difficult step of finding your first job. Another aspect of being born to a rich family is the set example by your surroundings. When you are around people who have accomplished something in life it is only natural to strive for something high in life.


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On the other hand, we have a person born to a financially challenged family has been exposed to a lot of worries about financial situations. Most likely, that person at an early age, had to think of how to support a family or just help them self out. That person will have to work, along with going to school, which will take away concentration from school. Therefore, a person has little chance to finish high school or even go to college. Sometimes a financially challenged family will show little or no support for the higher education because they will look at the short run problems, they need money now, not four years from now. To every rule there are always exceptions. There are people who would totally disagree that the opportunities are limited only to the rich. They probably see this world as a much brighter place, the place where any person could reach the desired goal if he/she wants it bad enough.


The programs that the government offers to the financially challenged supports every individual that would try their best to succeed in life. This includes such things as financial aid, state and federal scholarships, educational programs, and student loans.


I have set many different goals in my life. Some goals are more important than others, but all are important to keep. Our goals in life make us what we are. Personal goals have a tendency to change over time, as you, yourself change over time. Goals in my life are important to me, as they should be to everyone, but sometimes people stray from their goals, due to impulses or greed. I hope, from this day forward, that I can follow my goals carefully and not stray from them.


One of my goals that I have set for myself is to do well in school and start by earning my Bachelor of Science Degree in Business Administration. I will be spending the next few years at the University of Phoenix enlightening my mind. Although I am presently working five to six days a week I will still be able to attend school one day a week, which will help me to focus more on my goal. Once I have earned by bachelors, I will continue to work towards my master's degree in business.


Another goal that I have set is to receive the training and education that I need to open all opportunities to receive a productive job that I will enjoy in the future. I do know that in order to fulfill my dream, I will have to put in a lot of hard work and time. My career goal is to work for a Fortune 500 company as the top or one of the top executives of the company with a six-figure income.


Once my two main goals have been established, I will then marry the greatest woman, currently in my life, and spend the rest of my life with her. I would really enjoy planning some incredible getaway trips, such as a Caribbean cruise or a Disney World Adventure.


My first step towards my future is a college education. To become successful in this, I must have the will power and the dream that I have strived for all my life. If everything goes as planned, my dream will surely follow.


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Monday, February 24, 2020

Energy

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Francisco Alfonso English essay


Alternative Power


We are using energy sources that either polute the air, take up natural resources or cause


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damege . Today, scientist are working on other forms of energy that do not pollute or cause harm


to the environment. Here are some


Magnetohydrobynamic Power


Magnetohydrobynamic power is where created by plasma. One way is for gases are heated to


really high temperature to where the form plasma. They are held together by strong magnets.


This creates the energy. The energy is then cooled to a gas and used to turn a turbine (The hot


plasma would melt the turbine if it tired to turn it.) This is already done is coal combustion


research facilities. The second way is for the plasma molecules to be heated up around


temperatures of 5,000,000 C%. The kinetic energy is then extracted by passing through a


magnetic field. This produces a strong voltage. The only disadvantages to this power source is


the lack of knowledge we have for it. Hopefully, within time, we will learn about this new energy


source so we can use it to power the future.


Fussion Power


Fussion Power is probably the biggest known Alternate Energy Resource. Fussion is the joining


of the nuclei of two atoms to form the nucleus of a heavier element. It occurs mostly with


hydrogen and other light elements. Fussion reactions, also called thermonuclear reactions,


release a great deal of energy. Scientists are still conducting experiments on ways of harnessing


Fusion so we can use it as an energy source.


Microwave Power


5% of the energy we use today is used to for indoor lighting. Microwave power is the art of


htaking light from the sun and using it to light out indoor areas. It can only be used to light up


lights though. This currently be done at Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory


and is used by several industrial companies. The Berkeley Lab researchers say that a single


kiosk could be used to replace 0 conventional ceiling fixtures in an open spaced room and still


light the room at the same brightness. If this becomes an energy source that we can depend on,


you may see it light all of the lights in the world. The downside to this is that scientists due say


that if we used this energy source for 1 billion years, to light up the entire world, we would take off


1 year of the sun's life.


Radial Frequency Power


Radial Frequency power is where you use sound waves to produce heat. If a sound wave is


placed at a certain frequency is will produce some heat. The exact heat is unknown but scientists


due say it is very little. There is scientific evidence that this can be a power source but the reason


it is not is because it produces so little power. Some industrial factories do use this to produce


power for small objects. Another problem with this source is the fact that the frequency is so high


that it can be damaging to the enter ear so it must be done in an enclosed area


Please note that this sample paper on energy is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on energy, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on energy will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.


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Friday, February 21, 2020

A critic has commented that this is the moment when the "ash grey surface" of Hamlet's calm "breaks and seethes". Using this soliloquy as a starting point, examine the ways in which Shakespeare presents Hamlet's feelings and actions in Act 1, and the pos

If you order your research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on A critic has commented that this is the moment when the "ash grey surface" of Hamlet's calm "breaks and seethes". Using this soliloquy as a starting point, examine the ways in which Shakespeare presents Hamlet's feelings and actions in Act 1, and the pos. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality A critic has commented that this is the moment when the "ash grey surface" of Hamlet's calm "breaks and seethes". Using this soliloquy as a starting point, examine the ways in which Shakespeare presents Hamlet's feelings and actions in Act 1, and the pos paper right on time.


Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in A critic has commented that this is the moment when the "ash grey surface" of Hamlet's calm "breaks and seethes". Using this soliloquy as a starting point, examine the ways in which Shakespeare presents Hamlet's feelings and actions in Act 1, and the pos, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your A critic has commented that this is the moment when the "ash grey surface" of Hamlet's calm "breaks and seethes". Using this soliloquy as a starting point, examine the ways in which Shakespeare presents Hamlet's feelings and actions in Act 1, and the pos paper at affordable prices!


Every thought in Hamlets first soliloquy, is painful. This is the first time we see Hamlet expressing his true melancholy thoughts aloud. He wishes that he could just evaporate into the thin air, and begins by saying, O, that this too too solid flesh would melt / Thaw and resolve itself into a dew! (1..1-10). Hamlet wishes that suicide wasn't a sin, and that God did not have a law against it, "that the Everlasting had not fixed / His canon 'gainst self-slaughter." (1..11-1). From this, we can clearly see that Hamlet is deeply depressed, and has thoughts about taking his own life, as he is disgusted with it, and the world appears to him weary, stale, flat, and, unprofitable. (1..1). This image of corruption, and decay contributes to the Hamlet's pessimistic mood of gloom and evil. It is very clear that Hamlet is grieving over the death of his father. Hamlet's intensely depressive, almost desperate thoughts and feelings, "O God, God," (1..1) are common in bereavement. He feels rejected and infuriated that everybody seems to have forgotten about his father, especially his mother, who has since married Claudius. We can see Hamlet's feelings about the way everybody has apparently forgotten his father.


"'Tis not alone my inky cloak, good mother,


Nor customary suits of solemn black,


Nor windy suspiration of forced breath


Write your A critic has commented that this is the moment when the "ash grey surface" of Hamlet's calm "breaks and seethes". Using this soliloquy as a starting point, examine the ways in which Shakespeare presents Hamlet's feelings and actions in Act 1, and the pos research paper


No, nor the fruitful river in the eye


Nor the dejected haviour of the visage,


Together with all forms, moods, shapes of grief,


That can denote me truly.


(1..77-8)


In this speech to his mother, he says that one can put on different clothes, but not be able to change one's inner feelings. Hamlet's appearance means nothing compared to what he is feeling inside. He suggests that those who did mourn at his father's funeral were only feigning it, because it was good etiquette to grieve, even if it was only a façade.


"These indeed seem,


For they are the actions that a man might play,


But I have within which passes show


These the trappings and the suits of woe."


(1..8-86)


Later on in the soliloquy, Hamlet talks about his mother's marriage to Claudius, the new King of Denmark. This is an agonizing subject for Hamlet to talk about. Hamlet compares Claudius to his father, referring to the former as "Hyperion", and the latter, a "satyr." These early passages show Hamlet's great love for his father, and the hatred of his uncle. Gertrude married about a month after the death of Old Hamlet, and, whilst she cried "Like Niobe" at her old husband's funeral, within a month, "she married. Oh most wicked speed, to post / With such dexterity to incestuous sheets." (1..156-157). Hamlet's mother's sex-life clearly disgusts and outrages him, and he even hints that the marriage is incestuous. For Hamlet, his mothers marriage is as disgusting as incest, and he is sure that it is not, nor it cannot come to good. (1..158). However, perhaps because no one else sees it his way, he says I must hold my tongue. (1..15). In Elizabethan Church Law, it was forbidden to marry a brother's wife, and an Elizabethan audience would have frowned upon this, and sympathised with Hamlet. However, to a modern audience, this doesn't shock us as much. We can see that Hamlet doesn't like being referred to as Claudius's son.


"How is it that the clouds still hang on you?


Not so my lord, I am too much i'th'sun."


It is unlikely that Claudius likes Hamlet anymore than Hamlet likes him, but he pretends to for Gertrude's happiness. When Hamlet's mother intervenes, it is clear that she is on Claudius's side, as she wants Hamlet to be a friend to Denmark, (Claudius). She wants him to stop walking around as though looking for his noble father in the dust. She tells Hamlet that "all that lives must die, / Passing through nature to eternity" (1..7-7). In this passage, we sympathise with Hamlet, as his mother is patronising towards him, even though he is a fully-grown man. She tries to over-simplify death, as if Hamlet doesn't know that everyone eventually dies. He is well aware of this, and can accept this up to a point, but he doesnt think that the fact that everyone ultimately dies, should be reason for his mother to rush from his fathers grave to his uncles bed.


Hamlet is amazed, as anyone would be, when he hears about the ghost (Elizabethans did believe in the existence of ghosts, but they didnt expect to see one.) Hamlet excitedly tries to find all the details he possibly can about it, asking exactly how the ghost looked and what it did. After he is sure that he can believe what hes being told, Hamlet declares that he will come to see it this very night, between eleven and twelve, and asks the men not to tell anyone else about what theyve seen. They then leave Hamlet alone


Once Hamlet is by himself, with just his thoughts, for the second time, he has changed mood slightly, from intense sadness, to intrigue. Although he does say "I doubt some foul play, now he doesnt seem depressed, as during his first soliloquy, as the thought of seeing his father, albeit an apparition of him, gives him hope. He feels as though he will be able to find the truth about how his father died.


When Hamlet sees his father's apparition for the first time, he is not afraid of following it. If he dies, so be it. We have already seen him talk about suicide, and that he wished God did not have a law against it. Even though the others try and hold him back, and stop him from following the ghost, he is intent in trying to talk to it, and find out what it has to say.


"Why, what should be the fear?


I do not set my life at a pins fee;


And for my soul, what can it do to that,


Being a thing immortal as itself?


It waves me forth again Ill follow it."


(1.4.64-6)


Hamlet is richly described throughout Act One. He is the character we most warm to, and feel sorry for. Shakespeare captures his melancholy nature very well, and this has great effect, even on a modern audience. We clearly see Shakespeare's analysis of the impact of bereavement, which even in modern-day terms, is easy to relate to. Hamlet's thoughts, feelings, and whole way of being are those of a bereaved son. This is not only apparent in his soliloquy, but also in his conversations with others.


Please note that this sample paper on A critic has commented that this is the moment when the "ash grey surface" of Hamlet's calm "breaks and seethes". Using this soliloquy as a starting point, examine the ways in which Shakespeare presents Hamlet's feelings and actions in Act 1, and the pos is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on A critic has commented that this is the moment when the "ash grey surface" of Hamlet's calm "breaks and seethes". Using this soliloquy as a starting point, examine the ways in which Shakespeare presents Hamlet's feelings and actions in Act 1, and the pos, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on A critic has commented that this is the moment when the "ash grey surface" of Hamlet's calm "breaks and seethes". Using this soliloquy as a starting point, examine the ways in which Shakespeare presents Hamlet's feelings and actions in Act 1, and the pos will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.


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Thursday, February 20, 2020

Happy song Sweet Hope

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Happy Song, Sweet Hope


¨DThe Contrast of ¡°The Darkling Thrush¡± and ¡°Ode to a Nightingale¡±


¡¢ Introduction


Thomas Hardy¡¯s ¡°The Darkling Thrush¡± is one of famous lyrical. It was written on Dec.1, 18, the last day of the 1th century. The end of a year and the end of a century arouses in all men deep and often sad reflections and the external world merges with the poet¡¯s melancholy. The poem is a moving record of a man¡¯s tragic vision of ¡°terrestrial things¡±. The vocabulary and imagery of the poem are directed mainly toward creating a sense of the bleakness and sadness of the winter landscape. Although it is sad in tone about the background the poem carries some hope towards future because ¡°a voice arose among/ The bleak twigs overhead/ In a full-hearted evensong/ Of joy illimited¡±. The voice is an aged thrush¡¯s happy song. The song of the thrush is a sign of hope in this desolate time. The thrush is the symbol of the mature. So the hope is rendered to the speaker, which represents the human beings, by nature. And the aged thrush is one of main images in the poem.


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In English poetry, many poem¡¯s main images are birds. For example P.B.Shelley¡¯s ¡°To a Sky-Lark¡±, its main image is the bird, sky-lark; John Keats¡¯s ¡°Ode to a Nightingale¡±, its main image is the bird, nightingale; and W.B.Yeats¡¯s ¡°The Wild Swans at Coole¡±, its main image is the bird, wild swans. All of these birds image in the different poems have different symbolic meaning. However they have some common features. The paper tries to analysis the same and difference between Thomas Hardy¡¯s ¡°The Darkling Thrush¡± and John Keats¡¯s ¡°Ode to a Nightingale¡±.


According to ¡°The Advanced Learner¡¯s Dictionary of Current English¡±, the thrush is ¡°sorts of song-bird, especially the kind called song-thrush¡±; the nightingale is ¡°small, reddish-brown migratory bird that sings sweetly by night as well as by day¡±. From these two definitions of the bird we can see the birds themselves have some common features. That is, both of them are good at singing although in the poems these two birds have different symbolic meaning.


¶þ¡¢ The Contrast of ¡°The Darkling Thrush¡± and ¡°Ode to a Nightingale¡±.


1¡¢ The contrast of two poem¡¯s scene


In ¡°The Darkling Thrush¡±, the scene is desolate. The mood of the speaker is melancholy. ¡°Frost was spectre-gray, / And winter¡¯s dregs made desolate / The weakening eye of day.¡± Obviously ¡°The Darkling Thrush¡± is a poem about solidarity with nature. However, unlike Keats¡¯s unseen, ecstatic, blithe bird, the thrush in the poem is visible and ordinary. His description ¡°An aged thrush, frail, gaunt, and small, / In blast-beruffled plume¡± avoids the Romantic imagery of Keats¡¯s. Apparently a modern lament for the death of God , and of nature ( the sky is both the landscape¡¯s and the century¡¯s crypt ), the poem records the end of place and time. Set at the turning point between the old century and the new century, the awful scene developed in the image patterns of the first two stanzas is mirrored in the consciousness of the poet himself. The century¡¯s outleant corpse makes a parallel with the poet who ¡°leant upon a coppice gate¡±, ¡°the weakening eye of day¡± creates a metaphor for the poet¡¯s darkened vision, while the tangled bine-stems scoring the sky ¡° Like strings of broken lyres¡± is a further image to illustrate the desolate scene.


The poem ¡°The Darkling Thrush¡± is held between the world of human meanings and consolations and the bleakly inhospitable winter scene. The thrush¡¯s song is the climax of this whole tendency and the thrush itself, in his shriveled and unkempt physical presence , is the leading image despite the desolate scene. The bird¡¯s song involves absent-mindedness at odds with the scene around. And the song transmits a sense of happiness that is both real and insistent, as well as unsustainable within this surrounding physical environment at the end of the century. However the elements of joy in ¡°The Darkling Thrush¡± is not to deny the prevailingly somber mood of the scene in the poem, nor the dominant tenor of its conclusions and imagery. Skepticism and age cannot attain to any ¡°blessed hope¡±. And the only lyres in the poem are broken, ones made up by the tangled bine-stems. While there is in the scene nothing to endorse the inconvenient and inconsequential promptings of joy that arise from the bird¡¯s ¡°carolings¡±. The interesting fact is that the poem appears equally to encompass the contrary truth that these promptings are irresistible.


Unlike ¡°The Darkling Thrush¡± in which the bird sings the happy song and herald sweet hope despite the desolate winter atmosphere, John Keats¡¯s ¡°Ode to a Nightingale¡± describe the beautiful scene. However in the poem the speaker¡¯s mood is similar to the speaker¡¯s in ¡°The Darkling Thrush¡±. At first the speaker in the poem says ¡°My heart aches, and a drowsy numbness pains¡±. It¡¯s the speaker¡¯s mood. He is joy at hearing the nightingale¡¯s song, which, however, pains him. Then the poem describes human being¡¯s pain in third chapter. The poem relates in human world there is ¡°the weariness, the fever, and the fret¡±. An in human world ¡°men sit and hear each other groan,¡± ¡°palsy shakes a few, sad, last gray hairs¡± and ¡°youth grows pale, and spectre-thin, and dies/ where but to think is to be full of sorrow/ And leaden-eyed despairs, / Where Beauty cannot keep her lustrous eyes, / Dr new love pine at them beyond tomorrow¡±. The poem describes the sadness of the world, and the misery of human being.


In contrast to the misery of human world, the scene in the poem is beautiful. The bird, Nightingale, is happiness. It sings in full-throated ease. The trees are ¡°green beechen¡± which forms melodious plot. The poem is full of ¡°Tasting of Flora and the country green¡±. There are ¡°Dance, and Provencal Song, and sunburnt mirth¡±. The night is tender. ¡°And haply the Queen-Moon is on her throne/ Cluster¡¯d around by all her Starry Fays¡±. At the speaker¡¯s feet there are flowers, which send out walts of delicate fragrance. In a word, the nature is permeated with a harmonious atmosphere in which the misery human being live and the nightingale sing the happy song.


¡¢ The contrast of two bird¡¯s song symbolic meaning


¡°The Darkling Thrush¡±, like not a few of Hardy¡¯s, has come to suggest the progression and cadence of a hymn. But the blessed hope appropriate to a hymn is in complete obliviousness of such a song as the bird is singing£­ its ¡°happy goodnight air¡± £­ a line whose unexpectedness among the comparatively formal sobriety of the poem¡¯s diction, always moves the heart of the readers.


The ¡°joy illimited¡± and hope of the bird¡¯s singing are all the more moving for their incongruity and expectedness. At this moment, the speaker¡¯s (who is the listener of the thrush song) response is divided between a disillusioned consciousness of things and a reawakened sense of joy and communion that is oblivious to this. Then the bird¡¯s song signals possibilities that the tentative conclusion of the poem seems concerned to remark, and incorporate even as it suggests at the same time that such possibilities are not actualisable ¡°I could think there trembled through/ His happy good-night air/ Some blessed Hope, whereof he knew/ And I was unaware¡±.


As above-mentioned the thrush¡¯s song transmits a sense of happiness. That is both real and insistent. The song provokes a response, a surprise by joy that the speaker in the poem, fervourless and leaning upon the coppice gate is painfully aware that he is unable to live up to and translate into a lived experience. So the bird¡¯s song is heard to evoke a response to life that is inseparable from what gives life value, as well as incompatible with Hardy¡¯s vision of personal and historical circumstances. The song awakens hope.


The song of the bird set up an oscillation, between the inspired and the grimly literal, that is evident in many and minute ways in the poem, as in these four lines ¡°So little cause for carolings / Of such ecstatic sound / Was written on terrestrial things / Afar or nigh around¡±. There, the intricate felicities of sound and suggestion of the first two lines yield, in the last pair, to a more down to earth appraisal, a returning sense of the separated and drained elements of the scene. The thrush¡¯s song transcends the poet¡¯s power of comprehension, but it reawakens his powers of response and writing. In this respect, there is a clear connection, as well as analogy, between the mysterious song of the bird and this rediscovery, which it entails in the poet of his own equally enigmatic capacities, not only of feeling, but also of inspiration. What becomes important is not what the song means to the poet so much as what it does to him. And what it does is to evoke an affect of joy, which in turn passes into the writing.


In ¡°Ode to a Nightingale¡±, the song of the nightingale is the inspiration of the poet just like the aged thrush¡¯s arouses Hardy¡¯s inspiration. That means the poem was inspired by the singing of a nightingale that had built its nest close to the house of a friend of the poet in Hampstead. Like the thrush ¡°chosen thus to fling his soul / Upon the growing gloom¡± and its happy song bring sweet hope to the speaker and human being, the nightingale is ¡°light-winged Dryad of the trees¡± and ¡°being too happy in happiness¡±. However unlike the thrush in ¡°The Darkling Thrush¡± is visible and described as a common bird, ¡°frail, gaunt and small, / In blast-beruffled plume.¡± The nightingale is ¡°unseen¡±. It ¡°singest of summer in full-throated ease¡±. The nightingale is ¡°immortal bird¡±. So it¡¯s not born for death. It pours forth its soul in ¡°such an ecstasy¡±. So the nightingale and its song symbolize the beautiful world where the speaker is dreaming to arrive. Nevertheless the speaker in the end is left alone to face the cold reality again after the nightingale disappeared with its happy song.


So we can compare the two poem¡¯s development according to the birds song. In ¡°The Darkling Thrush¡±, the first chapter describes a desolate winter atmosphere, which reflects the speaker¡¯s gloom mood. In the second chapter the sad and desolate scene reach the climax because the death of the century. So ¡°every spirit¡± upon earth and ¡°I¡± are fervourless. However, in the third chapter, the thrush song brings the turning point. The bird is singing, which gives the world fervous. And in the last chapter the speaker is moved by the thrush¡¯s ¡°carolings¡±, ¡°ecstatic mood¡±. He knows the thrush¡¯s happy good-night air give the world ¡°some blessed hope¡±. In ¡°Ode to a Nightingale¡±, the bird¡¯s song is heard at first. So the speaker is drunk for the song. Then the speaker expresses his wish to live happy life in ¡°unseen world¡± with the bird. Then the poem turns back to the sadness of the world in which life is full of pain and misery and in which the young die and the old suffer. Later the ¡°speaker¡± attempts his flight from the sadness and tries to take another form £­ not a liquor, the external thing, but ¡°poesy¡±, the inner state mind, is to free him. At this point the poems takes an unexpected turn, almost a somersault, for after proclaiming that the poet is ¡°already with thee¡±£­ as if he could at a leap join mortal hope to an eternal being, ¡°the Queen Moon¡±£­ he falls back into a world of time and changes a world where there is no light. But soon the speaker finds that he himself is in the wood in which flowers doom and die and seasons come and go. There he is conscious of his mortality and is drawn by the fantasy of dying to the nightingale¡¯s music. Then the speaker imagines a death, which is an ecstatic conclusion but then acknowledges that if he were dead the song would go unheard. At last the nightingale disappeared with its sweet song, the poet was left alone to face the cold reality again. Therefore we can compare the different mood in two poems which is aroused by the songs of the thrush and nightingale


Sadness ¡ú happy song ¡ú Sweet hope (The Darkling Thrush)


Happy ¡ú misery ¡ú illusion ¡ú disillusion (Ode to a Nightingale)


So the different birds arouses different the speaker¡¯s mood. And the root of the different is the different themes of the two poems


¡¢ The contrast of the two poem¡¯s theme


John Keats is one of famous Romantic poets. He lives in the early 1th century. Thomas Hardy is realist, pessimist and the herald of modernist. He lives in the late 1th century. Different period and different genre result in the different theme in their poets. Thomas Hardy¡¯ s recurrent themes are time, death and love. John Keats¡¯s eternal themes are beauty and truth. ¡°The Darkling Thrush¡±, which Hardy said, was written ¡°on the century¡¯s end¡±, climaxes a century which began with romantic bird poem, John Keats¡¯s ¡°Ode to a Nightingale¡±, P.B. Shelly¡¯s ¡°To a Sky-lark¡± and Wordsworth¡¯s various bird poems, and continued with other such poems through the century. Here Hardy recapitulates the tradition of the romantic bird which sings its diminished note within the void of the century¡¯s exhaustion.


The poem involved entering into the momentary delight or reverie of the speaker. The excitement, which the bird produces in the poem connects Hardy with those earlier poets who were also summoned by birds, and whose modified tones, rhythm and diction echo variously within ¡°The Darkling Thrush¡±. It is a poem in which Hardy is intrigued, in the first place, by the ways in which the bird¡¯s very unknowability £­ its obliviousness to the poet himself, its different type of feeling £­ is the condition for an unpremeditated encounter sound in which the poets finds a characteristic inspiration and affective summons.


Hardy regards nature as an organic unity, of which human life and society are microcosm, wholly subject to its governance. And Hardy¡¯ s language is figurative £­ metaphor, symbolism and imagery. His figurative language is his dominant effect that carries the structure of feeling. In ¡°The Darkling Thrush¡±, the aged, wind-blown thrush is itself a beleagured figure of lyrical inspiration and tradition, a kind of alter-ego or counterpart whose song draws out Hardy the poet. The song of the thrush signals to Hardy the writer because there remain within his characteristic susceptibilities and gifts of articulation, which still find their echo within the insistent accents and movements of the bird. Whether the ¡°happy goodnight air¡± is really a song of hope or not, the poem is itself (despite all its counterposed elements of an explicit disenchantement), a joyful manifestation of the ways Hardy¡¯ s inimitable capabilities can surprise and displace the minds conscious attitudes. The bird¡¯s independent existence and its song appear not merely to move the poet, but to move him characteristically to a complementary artistic expression.


In the poem there is a sudden change from perception to sound. The muteness of the poet for whom the universe is dead, gives way to the thrush, which expresses hope and joy. Like Hardy himself (aged, frail, gaunt and small) the thrush is the governing symbol for continual creative activity. Like the poet, who is both observer and agent, the thrush creates his essential self by an act of will. He has ¡°chosen thus to fling his soul / Upon the growing gloom¡±¡­ a defiant act of affirmation. It is also an unwitting act of loving-kindness that forges a contact between itself and the poet, creating a sense of solidarity with all living things. This is given a particular existential force by the poem¡¯s terrible context of non-being. A moment of happy apparently annihilates the tyranny of time. Hardy¡¯s poetry displays an extraordinary range of variations on major themes £­ nature, time and memory, death and love.


However ¡°Ode to a Nightingale¡± is different from ¡°The Darkling Thrush¡± in theme. Keats is the most perfect of Romanticists. The one artistic aim in his poetry was always to create a beautiful world of imagination as opposed to the sordid reality of his day. His leading principle is ¡°Beauty is truth, truth beauty¡±. He pursued the principle in all things. At the bottom of his poems lies his dissatisfaction with the society in which he lived and experienced great miseries and sufferings.


The Ode was written and printed in 181. It was inspired by the singing of a nightingale. The poem has been celebrated for its evocative quality, for its scenes that shimmer with the magic of the imagination, and for the richness of its sensual imagery. And it is not only a piece of intricate verbal tapestry, nor merely a rich froth of emotion, but a profound statement about the human predicament. In the poem, the speaker expresses his yearning to free himself from the burden of human cares and anxieties and to immerse himself in a world of beauty together with the nightingale.


In the poem¡¯s full of rich poetic imagery, enchanting lyricism and well-nigh perfect turns of phrase, Keats shows his immense admiration for lasting beauty in the world of art as well as his intense personal yearning for freedom from human miseries. In the poem Keats relate to what happens in his mind while he is listening to the song of a nightingale. At first the speaker shows himself in a state of uncomfortable drowsiness under the magic of the nightingale¡¯s song. Envying the happiness of the bird, Keats longs for a draught of wine which take him out of himself and allow him to join his existence with that of the bird, and by the power of wine and imagination he could leave the world in which life is full of pain and misery, sorrow and despair. Here the poet shows his deep understanding of the miseries of the lower people in his society and his great sympathy for the poor and unfortunate people. And here we can see clearly the poet¡¯s inner contradiction between the ugly social reality all round him and his vain wish to leave it or forget it and through his contrasting the joys of the ¡°immortal bird¡± with the ¡°hungry generations¡±. By saying the word ¡°Forlorn¡±, the poet ends the poem with an acute sense of pain.


Keats sought to express beauty in all of his poems. In all his poems, there is a voice through which beauty expresses itself. He is part of nature which he describes. He expresses the delight which comes not only through the eye and the ear but through the senses of touch, taste and smell. His poems are distinguished by sensuousness and the perfection of form. So his ability to appeal to the senses through language is unrivaled.


Èý¡¢ Conclusion


Thomas Hardy¡¯s ¡°The Darkling Thrush¡± owe to John Keats¡¯s ¡°Ode to a Nightingale¡±. So they have some similar aspects. First, both of the poems express the sadness, gloomy melancholy and misery of human world. In ¡°The Darkling Thrush¡±, except for the Thrush¡¯s song everything is forlorn, even thrush itself is in not good condition. It is only an aged thrush, ¡°frail, gaunt, and small / In blast-beruffled plume¡±. So the happy song of the birds form sharp contrast with the speaker, the human being and the desolate winter scene. However in ¡°Ode to a Nightingale¡± the human being lives misery in a human world, the whole nature is beautiful and happy. So the human world and the nature form sharp contrast. Second, both of the poems express the hope and dream to a beautiful world. Although the thrush¡¯s hope is not realized by the speaker, the nightingale arouses the happiness and illusion. When the nightingale and its songs disappea, the speaker feels disillusion.


However both poems have many different aspects. First, in ¡°The Darkling Thrush¡± the scene is desolate and feverless, in the ode the scene is joy and beauty. Second the thrush¡¯s song is the symbol of the hope, but the speaker doesn¡¯t know what is hope, while the nightingale¡¯s song arouses the poet¡¯s dream to the perfection world with the bird¡¯s song, but he becomes disillusionment at last. Third the themes of the two poems are different. ¡°The Darkling Thrush¡± seems to say that the momentary happiness would defeat time. ¡°Ode to a Nightingale¡± expresses the poet¡¯s Romantic imagination and relates to the poet¡¯s sympathy for the people who live in misery lives, and relates to the poet¡¯s dream to seek out the perfection world. In a world, ¡°The Darkling Thrush¡± and ¡°Ode to a Nightingale¡±, two poems expresses some similar subject as well as many different aspects.


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