I am Discourses

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Religious Studies Essay

The term discourse has a very diverse meaning as it can be seen if you looks at a dictionary definition. A discourse may be a talk, yet the talk could be a short address or a lecture. More generally a conversation may be thought of, suggesting the involvement of more than one person, or even, when considering 'religious' discourse, a sermon might be intended.

Therefore when we consider the fourth gospel the term discourse may be seen as an 'Umbrella' term, this is confirmed by the way certain scholars use discourse to describe a variety of communication types. Dodd for example frequently uses dialogue when considering discourses. It is through this dialogue the dramatic events of chapters and 4 are shown, or as sustained dialogue between Jesus and the crowd in Chapter 6. Such sustained elements are also present as long continuous discourses in Chapter 5 and 10, though these are different from the conversations of Chapters 7 and 8, which are more controversial.

Bultman suggests that it is part of a Johannine style to have a discourse where people butting in interrupt the flow. These people are called interlocutors, and it is their interruptions that allow a clarification of intended meaning as the audience takes literally what is meant to be symbolic. Barret suggests there emerges a pattern with a statement leading to a misunderstanding, followed by further teaching to advance the ideas being put forward. Bultman also hints that the initial statement has intended double meanings, if this is the case it shows how the people didn't fully understand Jesus, they could only see him superficially.

A further description of Johannine discourses is monologue. For example, in the Nicodemus passage in Chapter , the initial dialogue passes into monologue, as Nicodemus seems to disappear, leaving Jesus to deliver his teaching. Scholars also refer to Johannine discourse material as sermon. They believe his gospel shows more sitz im leben of the evangelist church or teachings of the Johannine church.

There is also a suggestion that the discourses reflect the dialogue between Christians and Jews. Such material is referred to as debatable, through which is revealed the sharpest antagonism to the Jews. Such comments may lead to the conclusions that discourse material in Johns Gospel may have the least claim to authenticity in terms of Jesus' actual words. However others scholars believe that the Johannine discourses are in fact enshrining a genuine part of Jesus that did not find a place in the synoptics.

The phrase 'I am' occurs times in Johns Gospel, of which 6 times are spoken by Jesus. This causes the scholar to conclude that 'I am' is consciously used and theologically significant expression.

The background has been debatable. Some scholars suggest a Pagan or Hellenistic background. For example, references are made to the goddess Isis, using I am. Many scholars cite the Old Testament where I am seems to be the language of the divine as in Deuteronomy and Isaiah. Barret suggests that I am the divine word of self-revelation and command. In Jewish wisdom literature, wisdom declares herself to be I am and so the use of the title would suggest that Jesus was wisdom made incarnate. In the synoptic tradition Jesus does not call himself I am, but he does use the expression 'but I say to you' often when he is criticising Old Testament teaching. In this tradition he does claim to be the one who has the authority to reveal God's will.

(b) The fourth gospel stands apart from the synoptic. The synoptic gospels contain teachings of Jesus that would have been used by a first century rabbi. The teaching of Jesus in the fourth gospel is quite different. There are no parables or short sayings drawn from life and in their place are heavy theological discourses, which in the opinion of most scholars are not accounts of Jesus' teaching. It is impossible to believe that the same person could have taught using the synoptic parables and the material in John.

In Johns Gospel, John presents answers to the questions, like who was Jesus and what was his significance. It is this evolved idea of theology concerning Jesus that has discouraged scholars in believing that a first century Jew could have written it. They believe John has been compiled using better sources and by clever people.

The verse, 'I am the bread of life' has been interpreted by scholars to be a reference to the Eucharist. But according to the synoptic gospels the only reference Jesus made to the Eucharist was done during the last supper. This raises more questions, as John does not include the story of last supper in his gospel.

Please note that this sample paper on I am Discourses is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on I am Discourses, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on I am Discourses will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Literary Review of Pulp Fiction

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Pulp Fiction, one of the most highly acclaimed films of 15, was without a doubt a shocking and controversial movie. Director Quentin Tarantino brought into the mainstream a genre that had never has such mass appeal, and he did it very successfully. This story is a cleverly disorienting journey through a landscape of danger, shock, hilarity, and vibrant local color. Nothing is predictable or familiar within this bizarre world.

Introducing a film such as Quentin Tarantino's Pulp Fiction, takes much patience and significant artistry with words. While some critics denounced Pulp Fiction for its violence, the film is not about the killings that happen in it. Pulp Fiction is about its characters in potentially comic situations. Tarantino uses these characters and their situations to achieve a stylish masterpiece. The laid back nonchalant attitude is mixed with some vanity and an odd sense of loyalty, all created with a modern flair. The imagery is all part of the gangster mystique, which American movie audience's love so much.

Tarantino starts us off with a dual definition of pulp. One being "a soft, moist, shapeless, mass of matter" and two being "a book containing lurid subject matter, and being characteristically printed on rough, unfinished paper." This introduced the audience to the presentation of the film. Its segmented structure s Tarantino's was of playing with the audience's perceptions. The entertainment throughout Pulp Fiction is scintillating; it captures the audience and forces them to piece the segments together in order to form one complete story. Hence the title containing the word "pulp" and the product being "rough" and somewhat "unfinished" to the viewer. In this sense I believe that Tarantino is allowing the viewer to make their own interpretations of the segments. Trying to determine if this film affected viewers on a formal or sensual level would only take away some of the film's mystique. This film manages to affect viewers on both levels, depending on their depiction of the events.

Pulp Fiction is constructed in a nonlinear way doubling back on itself telling several interlocking stories about characters that inhabit a world of crime and intrigue, triple-crosses and desperation. Vincent Vega and partner Jules Winnfield are a couple of mid-level hit-men who carry out assignments for a mob boss. We see them first on their way to a violent showdown discussing such mysteries as why in Paris they have a French word for Quarter Pounder. They are as innocent in their ways as Huck and Jim floating down the Mississippi and speculating on how foreigners can possibly understand each other. Vince and Jules's careers are a series of assignments that they can not quite handle. Especially Vega's character, not only does he kill people inadvertently ("The car hit a bump") but he doesn't know how to clean up after himself.

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Most of the characters in this film personify style, and Tarantino accentuates that in a new and unconventional way. Using conventional directorial techniques in an unconventional way, Tarantino gets the viewers to experience his characters and to laugh at traditionally non-comedic situations. Using long static shots, instead of cutting from one character to another; Tarantino's camera stylizes the screen action in invigorating ways. He also uses unconventional camera angles; for instance, when Vincent and Jules arrive at the apartment complex to collect the briefcase and are entering in what is normally thought of as an unnerving experience. Instead of showing the characters nervously going to collect the briefcase from an apartment in which they do not know how many people there are, Tarantino spends time on shooting the dialogue of the two characters annoyed at the fact that they do not have shotguns for this task. Where most directors would simply shoot the two conversing, Tarantino uses a more stylish way of showing the conversation. The shot is looking up at the two characters from the trunk of the car from which they pull their pistols. This shot serves two separate purposes. First, it is somewhat eccentric, which works for Tarantino's purpose by going against convention, yet still getting his point across. The second purpose of the shot is that it is subjective foreshadowing, for later in the film the audience looks into the same trunk only to find if has a dead body in it.

The foreshadowing that Tarantino uses is also irregular, for two reasons. The first of those being, that he sometimes foreshadows pointless things; the other reason his foreshadowing is unconventional is because of the sequencing of the scenes, the effect is more of a post-shadowing. The best example of post-shadowing involves Vincent Vega. If the scenes were put in chronological order the audience would see Vincent go into the bathroom with a book. The audience would then see Vincent emerge from the bathroom a few minutes later with the same book, but pointing a gun at someone. Then later on in the film the audience would again see Vincent emerge from a bathroom with the same book, only this time Butch would shoot and kill him. Because the scenes are out of order, the audience sees Vincent get killed by Butch first, then in a later scene the audience sees Vincent exiting another bathroom with the book and his gun. Tarantino ventures out and does some very unconventional things with Pulp Fiction. The most apparent being his out of time sequencing. Placing the scenes out of order is a very modern idea that in the end also creates alarm in the audience (carefully noted by the director and placed in places where it will not destroy an already built tranquility).

His penchant for memorable dialogue also lends an admirable quality to the film. His passion for storytelling allows the most outrageous characters to reveal their feelings in long takes and torrents of words, poetic and profane. One of the unique characteristics of Pulp Fiction is that it celebrates life and does not depict, analyze, or critique it. Suspending viewers' moral judgments makes it that much easier for the story to sustain its startling tone. The violent events are offset with unexpected laughter; the contrast of moods becomes liberating, calling attention to the real choices the characters make. In these choices the audience cheers for the good guys, who are stereotypical bad guys, and celebrates life by questioning their own at the end of the story.

The characters in this story are not simply black and white, from the moment you meet them you are drawn in and want to know more about them. The story's intrigue, that element that makes the viewer curious, draws the audience in, as does the story's credibility and the consistency of the characters. These characters appeal to the viewer because of the street smart and logical thinking. The characters do not live in an average nine-to-five world, but they still manage to maintain complete believability. Most importantly each character preserves absolute independence of intention throughout the story. Each character has their own set of values and goals which only adds to the credibility of the characters.

If Pulp Fiction were a film just about the violence in it, it would be just another action movie for the masses. This film is not about the violence in it, but about the characters it portrays and the things they strive for. Quentin Tarantino uses odd time sequencing, unconventional cuttings and camera angles, and a very twisted wit to achieve a film that is well grounded in tradition, but at the same time separates itself by giving the audience the unexpected. The characters are colorfully multidimensional and most importantly they are believable. With great talent he has carefully blended three main scenarios and several sub-plots into one full-length movie.

Please note that this sample paper on Literary Review of Pulp Fiction is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Literary Review of Pulp Fiction, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Literary Review of Pulp Fiction will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Hard and soft approach of HRM

If you order your essay from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on hard and soft approach of HRM. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality hard and soft approach of HRM paper right on time.

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Human resource as defined by Armstrong P and Dawson C (16) is the strategy for acquiring, using, improving and preserving the organisations human resource.

It could be well agued that in most cases the human aspect is forgotten in relation to how they manage people, leaving most staff unsatisfied creating a high staff turn over which affects organisational performance.

It is therefore an utmost importance that people as opposed to just employees-need to be managed in away that consistent with broad organisational requirement such as quality or efficiency. As in most cases organisational effectiveness depends on theyre being a tight fit between human resource and business strategies.

Human resource as could be said is all about making business strategies work. It is therefore important that emphasis is placed on how to best match and develop appropraitehuman resource management (HRM) approach/system of managing people in the tourism hospitality and leisure industry (THL).Custom Essays on hard and soft approach of HRM

This easy would therefore be looking at some of the HRM approaches used such as the Harvard model; hard and soft approach in conjunction with the real world of the THL industry and to determine wither the hard approach is more appropriate.

Human resource management (HRM) as described by Gratton L. (1) has a concept with two distinct forms; soft and hard approach, where the soft approach of HRM is associated with human relation and the hard on the other hand sees people as human resource.

The Soft HRM is the notion that workers respond better when an organisation recognises their individual needs and addresses them as well as focusing on the overall business objectives.

The work of Maslow in stating that humans have a hierarchy of needs, which they will exert considerable energy towards achieving, claims that organisations that recognises and addresses these needs will have a happier, more fulfilled, more loyal and productive workforce.

As agued by Jackson T. (00) the way to success is through deep empathy of other people either by observing how to best connect with others in the workplace, and motivate and inspire them as a result.

As illustrated by Goldsmith A. (17) all of these soft HRM can of course be balanced by hard HRM; the notion that successful organisations are those that best deploy their human resource in the way that they would deploy any other resource.

The Hard HRM on the other hand therefore sees people as human resources. Holding that employees are a resource in the same way as any other business resource and they must therefore be; obtained as cheaply as possible, used sparingly, developed and exploited as much as possible.

As indicated by Gratton L. (1) under this model of HRM control is more concerned with performance system, performance management and tight control over individual activities with the ultimate goal being to secure the competitive advantage of the organisation.

The hard HRM therefore is primarily concern to promote human resource strategy and align with business strategy. It may also include out sourcing, flexibility, performance management, hence downsizing or work intensification, sees workers as another resource to be exploited and can operate against the interest of workers.

The Harvard model on the other hand as indicated by Beer et al (184) sees employees as resource, but human where the managers are responsible to make decisions about the organisation and employee relation.

The employment relation is seen as a blending of business and societal expectations and because it recognises the role societal outcomes it could be agued that the Harvard model provides a useful basis for comparative analysis.

The Harvard model also cover the four HRM policy areas which are human resource flows, reward system, employee influence, work system, which leads to the four Cs; competence of employees, commitment of employees, congruence of organisation/employees goals and cost effectiveness of HRM. As could be agued striving to enhance all four Cs could lead favourable consequences for individual well- being, societal well-being and organisational effectiveness either long- term consequences.

Looking at these three HRM models mentioned in conjunction with the real world of THL industry where the industry is a growing employer in Britain but a labour intensive industry with low wages it is an utmost importance that the appropriate model of HRM is used to decrease staff turnover in other to retain skilled staff and increase organisational performance.

As indicated by Verginis S. (1) the industry was haemorrhaging talented staff- whilst paradoxically at the same time suffering chronic skill shortage in specific areas

This reflects the fact that the THL industry continues to be seen and indeed, experienced by many staff as offering an unsatisfactory employment experience.

As stated by Verginis S. (1) In the year 17 the labour turn over survey of the institute of personnel and development (IPD) found that the THL industry has the highest turnover rate (4.56 percent of over 0 industrial sectors).

As well known to all the THL industry in general, suffers from a high staff turn over which could be said to be due to its labour intensiveness, low income and or recent issues in the industry that include the foot and mouth epidemic and the September 11 000.

Due to the high skill shortage in the industry which is due to low skilled employees used in specific areas of the industry and its high staff turn over the idea of using the harder approach of HRM where staff are seen as a resource may seem more appropriate as this group of employees could be classified in the labour market as belonging to the secondary market where the need for an autocratic style of management is more appropriate as this group tend to have a limited education, limited skills, and therefore resulting to limited access to commitment.

However if this model is used frequently in the industry it could be agued that the rhetoric of hotel employers that people are the industries most important asset may remain unconcern and whilst this prevail the industry will continue to loss their human aspect which may gradually affect organisational performance.

As indicated by wood (17) clearly then, organisations and managers in the THL industry face real challenges in recruiting, selecting, developing and maintaining a committed, competent, Well-managed and well-motivated workforce, which is focused on offering a high quality service to increasingly demanding and discerning customer

It could well be therefore argued that the dead-end nature of many semi-skilled and unskilled positions in the industry calls for the soft approach/ Harvard model of approach where the soft is the notion that employees respond better when an organisation recognises their individual needs and addresses them as well as focusing on the business objectives (motivation and training development) and the Harvard on the other hand sees employers as resource but human where managers are responsible to make decisions about the organisation and employee relations to be used in the industry

As agued by Terence J (00) the way to success is through deep empathy of others in the workplace and motivates and inspires them as a result.

Increasingly though there may be recognition of recruitment difficulties, shortage of skilled an unqualified staff, relatively low pay, high staff turn over and unattractive image as an employing sector an understanding of Rileys concept of the secondary labour sector suggest that the very characteristics which creates a low paid, low skilled environment also provides considerable opportunity for rapid, meritocratic promotion in within the industry.

More over the industrys anti-social working hours has also increased its staff turn over resulting to consistent skill shortage one may say the Harvard model of HRM is more appropriate for the THL industry as this model covers the four policies of HRM and would help to retain and attract a skilled and motivated workforce in the industry.

It could also be agued that using one HRM model in the hospitality industry will tend not to work due to the different labour sectors in the industry.

It is therefore arguably that the best and appropriate HRM to be used in the industry to return its well-motivated workforce is by balancing both hard, soft and Harvard model of HRM approach.

To increase staff satisfaction, decrease labour turnover and increase organisational performance.

Conclusions

This easy has illustrated the importance of HRM in the hospitality industry and has made it clear that it is appropriate that all of these soft approaches as illustrated by

Goldsmith A (17) is balanced by the hard approach of HRM the notion that successful organisations are those that best deploy their human resource in the way that they would deploy any other resource.

The easy also illustrated the knowledge that using the harder approach of HRM in the hospitality industry would suggest that by no stretch of the imagination do the industry universally address these issues that people are the key to organisational susses.

Human resource as defined by Armstrong P and Dawson C (16) is the strategy for acquiring, using, improving and preserving the organisations human resource.

It could be well agued that in most cases the human aspect is forgotten in relation to how they manage people, leaving most staff unsatisfied creating a high staff turn over which affects organisational performance.

It is therefore an utmost importance that people as opposed to just employees-need to be managed in away that consistent with broad organisational requirement such as quality or efficiency. As in most cases organisational effectiveness depends on theyre being a tight fit between human resource and business strategies.

Human resource as could be said is all about making business strategies work. It is therefore important that emphasis is placed on how to best match and develop appropraitehuman resource management (HRM) approach/system of managing people in the tourism hospitality and leisure industry (THL).

This easy would therefore be looking at some of the HRM approaches used such as the Harvard model; hard and soft approach in conjunction with the real world of the THL industry and to determine wither the hard approach is more appropriate.

Human resource management (HRM) as described by Gratton L. (1) has a concept with two distinct forms; soft and hard approach, where the soft approach of HRM is associated with human relation and the hard on the other hand sees people as human resource.

The Soft HRM is the notion that workers respond better when an organisation recognises their individual needs and addresses them as well as focusing on the overall business objectives.

The work of Maslow in stating that humans have a hierarchy of needs, which they will exert considerable energy towards achieving, claims that organisations that recognises and addresses these needs will have a happier, more fulfilled, more loyal and productive workforce.

As agued by Jackson T. (00) the way to success is through deep empathy of other people either by observing how to best connect with others in the workplace, and motivate and inspire them as a result.

As illustrated by Goldsmith A. (17) all of these soft HRM can of course be balanced by hard HRM; the notion that successful organisations are those that best deploy their human resource in the way that they would deploy any other resource.

The Hard HRM on the other hand therefore sees people as human resources. Holding that employees are a resource in the same way as any other business resource and they must therefore be; obtained as cheaply as possible, used sparingly, developed and exploited as much as possible.

As indicated by Gratton L. (1) under this model of HRM control is more concerned with performance system, performance management and tight control over individual activities with the ultimate goal being to secure the competitive advantage of the organisation.

The hard HRM therefore is primarily concern to promote human resource strategy and align with business strategy. It may also include out sourcing, flexibility, performance management, hence downsizing or work intensification, sees workers as another resource to be exploited and can operate against the interest of workers.

The Harvard model on the other hand as indicated by Beer et al (184) sees employees as resource, but human where the managers are responsible to make decisions about the organisation and employee relation.

The employment relation is seen as a blending of business and societal expectations and because it recognises the role societal outcomes it could be agued that the Harvard model provides a useful basis for comparative analysis.

The Harvard model also cover the four HRM policy areas which are human resource flows, reward system, employee influence, work system, which leads to the four Cs; competence of employees, commitment of employees, congruence of organisation/employees goals and cost effectiveness of HRM. As could be agued striving to enhance all four Cs could lead favourable consequences for individual well- being, societal well-being and organisational effectiveness either long- term consequences.

Looking at these three HRM models mentioned in conjunction with the real world of THL industry where the industry is a growing employer in Britain but a labour intensive industry with low wages it is an utmost importance that the appropriate model of HRM is used to decrease staff turnover in other to retain skilled staff and increase organisational performance.

As indicated by Verginis S. (1) the industry was haemorrhaging talented staff- whilst paradoxically at the same time suffering chronic skill shortage in specific areas

This reflects the fact that the THL industry continues to be seen and indeed, experienced by many staff as offering an unsatisfactory employment experience.

As stated by Verginis S. (1) In the year 17 the labour turn over survey of the institute of personnel and development (IPD) found that the THL industry has the highest turnover rate (4.56 percent of over 0 industrial sectors).

As well known to all the THL industry in general, suffers from a high staff turn over which could be said to be due to its labour intensiveness, low income and or recent issues in the industry that include the foot and mouth epidemic and the September 11 000.

Due to the high skill shortage in the industry which is due to low skilled employees used in specific areas of the industry and its high staff turn over the idea of using the harder approach of HRM where staff are seen as a resource may seem more appropriate as this group of employees could be classified in the labour market as belonging to the secondary market where the need for an autocratic style of management is more appropriate as this group tend to have a limited education, limited skills, and therefore resulting to limited access to commitment.

However if this model is used frequently in the industry it could be agued that the rhetoric of hotel employers that people are the industries most important asset may remain unconcern and whilst this prevail the industry will continue to loss their human aspect which may gradually affect organisational performance.

As indicated by wood (17) clearly then, organisations and managers in the THL industry face real challenges in recruiting, selecting, developing and maintaining a committed, competent, Well-managed and well-motivated workforce, which is focused on offering a high quality service to increasingly demanding and discerning customer

It could well be therefore argued that the dead-end nature of many semi-skilled and unskilled positions in the industry calls for the soft approach/ Harvard model of approach where the soft is the notion that employees respond better when an organisation recognises their individual needs and addresses them as well as focusing on the business objectives (motivation and training development) and the Harvard on the other hand sees employers as resource but human where managers are responsible to make decisions about the organisation and employee relations to be used in the industry

As agued by Terence J (00) the way to success is through deep empathy of others in the workplace and motivates and inspires them as a result.

Increasingly though there may be recognition of recruitment difficulties, shortage of skilled an unqualified staff, relatively low pay, high staff turn over and unattractive image as an employing sector an understanding of Rileys concept of the secondary labour sector suggest that the very characteristics which creates a low paid, low skilled environment also provides considerable opportunity for rapid, meritocratic promotion in within the industry.

More over the industrys anti-social working hours has also increased its staff turn over resulting to consistent skill shortage one may say the Harvard model of HRM is more appropriate for the THL industry as this model covers the four policies of HRM and would help to retain and attract a skilled and motivated workforce in the industry.

It could also be agued that using one HRM model in the hospitality industry will tend not to work due to the different labour sectors in the industry.

It is therefore arguably that the best and appropriate HRM to be used in the industry to return its well-motivated workforce is by balancing both hard, soft and Harvard model of HRM approach.

To increase staff satisfaction, decrease labour turnover and increase organisational performance.

Conclusions

This easy has illustrated the importance of HRM in the hospitality industry and has made it clear that it is appropriate that all of these soft approaches as illustrated by

Goldsmith A (17) is balanced by the hard approach of HRM the notion that successful organisations are those that best deploy their human resource in the way that they would deploy any other resource.

The easy also illustrated the knowledge that using the harder approach of HRM in the hospitality industry would suggest that by no stretch of the imagination do the industry universally address these issues that people are the key to organisational susses.

Please note that this sample paper on hard and soft approach of HRM is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on hard and soft approach of HRM, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on hard and soft approach of HRM will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!

History

If you order your research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on History. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality History paper right on time.

Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in History, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your History paper at affordable prices!

The book Contrary to Popular Opinion, by Alan M. Dershowitz, is a book about law. According to him. All about his views on certain landmark cases, and Supreme Court decisions. When I first saw the book it intrigued me because I had heard about, and seen Mr. Dershowitz on TV. When he was in the media because he was a lawyer for OJ Simpson in the case Simpson v. California. This was one of the most famous court cases of the 10's. my parents watch it, and if there was a noise they would go crazy. After flipping through the book before reading it I found out that it was written in 11, before the OJ Simpson case had even started. It did help in finding out that Mr. Dershowitz is a very respected teacher at Harvard. He is also frequently interviewed and questioned on his opinion of rulings, and decisions in judicial cases. Before reading this book there are some very important things you need to know about Alan Dershowitz one of these things is that he is an American-Jew. He has also had some mutual relationships with Supreme Court judges. He also isn't afraid to take cases nobody else would, he even defended Mike Tyson.

The book is divided into 5 parts. The first part is about judges, justices, juries and the courts. He discusses todays judges, and how they aren't very good. In his opinion the judges of America are very under qualified. Today's judges are not impartial enough in his eyes. Even the chief justice, the highest rank in the American Judicial system, is not impartial. A female lawyer was making her case to the Supreme Court, and accidentally called chief justice Rehnquist a normal judge. He did not let this remark go, he proceeded to intimidate her with his position and said to her "I'm the chief justice. I'm not a judge." She had to apologize because she knew the decision might depend on a single vote. After this the very nervous lawyer never really recovered, or as the press put it there was a chill in the air. He even goes as far as to suggest we change they way we select our nation's judges. After seeing his arguments it does make some sense. After seeing how there is so much corruption in the judicial system. He suggested a system that is used in some other countries of the world. Their system is based on merit, they have their peers of judges and lawyers decide who is the most qualified judge. Then the most qualified judge would go to the supreme court, not any judge that the President picks and is approved by congress.

The second part discusses freedom of expression and the rise of intolerance. The majority of it is about how everyone supports freedom of speech in theory. In the book Mr. Dershowitz discusses how every different person has a different opinion on censorship. His opinion on the topic is that all censorship should be stopped, that the First Amendment of freedom of speech really does give us freedom of speech. He gives us an example that was related to him. While at Harvard a woman professor was offended that the Harvard library kept Playboy magazine in it. She suggested the college stop wasting its money on something that offends someone. Then Mr. Dershowitz wrote to the school and suggested that all people involved in Harvard should pick one piece of writing in the library that is offensive to them. Eventually they would have a very little group of books, and they could store them in a drawer. After this he suggested they could get some squash courts to play on, unless that offended someone. Maybe the strongest piece of evidence that makes the point that Mr. Dershowitz is a strong supporter of freedom of speech then look at the court case in which Mr. Dershowitz defended a neo-Nazi who had given a speech about Hitler. One would ask the question why would a Jew defend a Nazi? That's just how strongly Mr. Dershowitz believes in the first Amendment.

The third section of his book is entitled The state, The Law and The Rights of Individuals. It discusses the issue of how far law can go, and what it can and can't do. It also talks about how the men and women who are supposed to be enforcing the law sometimes break it. It talks of a story in which NBC and an ex-policemen set up a trap for a Californian cop, after complaints about discriminating against blacks. He talks about the Rodney King case in Los Angeles. An African-American man was pulled over and what transpired was a beating. The cops did were not aware they were being taped, and were acquitted in court even with the tape. Much of this chapter is about how there are many mistakes in the judicial system. Another large chunk of this section has to do with a man by the name of Manuel Noriega. He was a former President of Panama

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Charlotte: An American Heroine

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Although it first appeared in print in 170, England; it was not until the novel Charlotte Temple A Tale of Truth was republished in America that its author Susanna Rowson saw its true success. By the nineteenth century the novel sold over two hundred editions. The American readers readily enjoyed the "truth-in-fiction" story of a young naïve woman seduced and deceived by an older gentleman. It was this growing popularity among its readers that turned the character of Charlotte into an American heroine. If one looks deeper into the text, especially the form, including such elements as the narrator, character development and flashbacks, it is becomes clearly evident exactly how Charlotte appealed to the American audience and became their heroine.

A significant aspect of the form has to do with the narrator. In this novel especially, Rowson plays a tremendous role in conveying her ideas to the American audience. As a novel, Charlotte serves not only as a warning to the female sex, but also as a guide to correct womanly behavior; encouraging the "fair sex" to be moral, upstanding and virtuous. As Rowson mentions in her preface she has the purest intentions to educate the women of her time; "I wrote with a mind anxious for the happiness for that sex whose morals and conduct have so powerful san influence on mankind in general"( p881). With this in mind Rowson introduces as well as recommends an entirely new attitude for the "new American woman". Through her narrative Rowson speaks out against the sensibility which plagues women. This newly developed notion prompted women too look to their feelings as a source of knowledge. In her advice "Oh my dear girls for to such only am I writing listen not to the voice of love…" she clearly shows that too much emotional response will lead to immorality and weakness which in turn leads to an ultimate downfall. In her tale Charlotte's young and naïve heart follows the seductive Montraville and eventually leads her to her untimely death. Rowson stresses that this over-emphasis of emotions will lead a woman astray.

So how could this affect the minds of the American audience? Rowson's novel was published at a time when American women were looking for their own sense of identity. Having Europe as their shadow, all they had was the corrupt ideals concerning women like the fact that a woman was considered to be mans property and was quite limited in political and social involvements. So with almost a motherly advice Rowson offered her female readers an example by which not to follow but to take with them a learned sense of what a woman should strive for. Perhaps it was this encouraging ideology against sensibility and towards independence which led to the tremendous success of this novel.

Another important aspect of Charlotte is the fact that Rowson plays an omniscient role as narrator. Through out the story she offers Charlotte sympathy through her ill-fated journey. As she is introducing the story Rowson mentions that "the tear of compassion still trembled in my eye for the fate of the unhappy Charlotte" (p881). There are numerous times when the narrator prompts sympathy and intrudes on the story with moralizing and forgiving words; "Pleasure is a vain allusion; she draws you on to a thousand follies, errors and I may say vices" (p87). This sympathy promotes compassion in the reader as well. Since Americans in their own were problematic outcasts; fleeing from Europe to find freedom, this brought about their initiation of Charlotte as their heroine.

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Another aspect of form contributes to Americans excepting Charlotte as one of their own. This is illustrated through the plot sequence if the novel. Charlotte's journey follows a famous model of a hero/heroine discussed by Joseph Campbell. As he stated the hero goes through a process of separation, initiation and return. These stages can be traced through Charlotte's story, consequently showing that she truly is a heroine to her readers. It is at the point when Charlotte has to leave her country of England and embark on a journey to America that she experiences the separation form everything she knew; including her parents and friends. Once Charlotte is in America the cruel Montraville deserts and forces her to endure a good deal of heartache and sorrow; this illustrating the initiation into harsh reality for poor Charlotte. Finally Charlotte rejoins her father and although in great pain and misery she leaves this world, it is not without bringing her story to a satisfying conclusion; Montraville will suffer with guilt while her female audience leaves off with a lifelong lesson and memory.

Another element of the form that contributes to Charlotte becoming the bestselling American novel is the way Rowson sets up her characters and offers great insight into their motives as well as the characters psychological pattern of thought. The antagonists in the story could be looked at as symbolical figures for the evil ways of life in Europe. The villains, or those who corrupt innocent Charlotte are all Europeans and dwelling in the American land. During this time, especially with their Puritan heritage the Americans looked on to Europe as a place full of corruption and sin. It is then no wonder that someone like a British soldier like Belcore or a French woman like Madame La Rue could be so detrimental to Charlotte, who is looked at by the reader as an innocent bystander. In one instance Madame La Rue is convincing Charlotte to open Montravilles letter, once Charlotte gives in "Mademoiselle eyed the unsuspecting Charlotte, as she perused the letter, with a malignant pleasure" (p85). The word malignant demonstrates the predisposition to evil by Charlotte's caretaker and mentor. Rowson's word choice points out the conniving character of Madame La Rue. By closely describing the antagonists as well as using specific language, Susanna Rowson creates an overall negative view for the reader and he/she sides and sympathizes with the main character. This in all its combination once again brings out Charlotte on top and idolizes her in the minds of the American audience.

Another great force in the novel is Rowson's masterful use of flash back in combination with character development. In the beginning of the novel she goes back in time to tell the story of Charlotte's parents; two very caring, trusting and idealistic people. While telling the story of Lucy Eldridge and Temple, Rowson most conveniently sets up Charlotte's character. By illustrating the purity and the love from which Charlotte had sprung, the reader gets an immediate glimpse of the succession of Charlotte's values. Hence gaining an understanding for the dangerously naïve girl produced from this pure union. With this the reader does not blame Charlotte but sees that she is an innocent bystander who has fallen to adversity. This once again brings out sympathy in the reader and in turn promotes Charlotte to be seen as a fallen heroine.

Charlotte A Take of Truth by Susanna Rowson was the first best selling novel in America. The story of a young girl fallen to seduction caught the attention of the American public on many levels. This being a story of advice and lesson on morally appropriate behavior for women the character of Charlotte quickly grew to the status of an American heroine. Yet it was not just the storyline that attracted the American reader; the form of the novel significantly contributed to this taking place. Rowson's narration of the story, character development and use of flashback contributed to Charlotte having this overwhelming effect on her audience. The uncertainty of the times combined with masterful writing gave way to Charlotte truly deserving the name of an American heroine.

Please note that this sample paper on Charlotte: An American Heroine is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Charlotte: An American Heroine, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom research papers on Charlotte: An American Heroine will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Comparison between the book the Giver and the movie Gattaca

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The Arctic Region

There are probably many people who wonder what is the Arctic Region? What animals or people live there? Well for those who may not know, the Arctic Region is made up of oceans surrounded by continental land masses and islands. The Central Arctic Ocean is covered with ice all year-round, and snow and ice are on the land for most of the year. The southern limit of the Arctic Region is place at the Arctic Circle (latitude 66 degrees, minutes north). The Arctic Circle is an imaginary line that marks the latitude above where the sun doesn't set on the day of summer, which is usually June 1st and doesn't rise on the day of winter usually December 1st. North of this latitude, periods of on-going daylight or night last up to six months at the North Pole. The warmest month is below 50 degrees Fahrenheit/ 10 degrees Celsius. The coldest month is about minus 0 degrees Fahrenheit or below.

Besides the Arctic Region and its climate, there are animals that live in and adapt to the Arctic Region. Some of the animals that live in this climate are the Walrus, Arctic Fox, and the Musk ox. The way these animals adapt to their surroundings is very smart. Let's take the walrus for example. According to the article Life in a Deep Freeze, the walrus keeps warm even while digging for clams on the bottom of cold ocean waters. The walrus has a 6-inch layer of blubber to block out the cold. During deep-sea dives, warm blood moves away from the top of the skin to the inside of the body. This helps the walrus keep its body heat stable at about degrees Fahrenheit. When the walrus moves to shore, blood flows back to the skin. On the other hand, the Arctic Fox adapts to the Arctic region differently. As the winter comes, the fox changes its brown summer fur for a longer, heavier snow-white coat. The new coat keeps the fox warm and

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hidden from predators, like the wolf. A special blood flow system helps the fox hang onto its normal body temperature. Warm blood going through the fox's legs heat up the cool blood coming back from its feet. This means that the Arctic has a warm body and cold feet, but having cold feet is good for the fox because ice doesn't stick to cold toes. Moreover, the Musk ox also has a different way to adapt to the Arctic Region. It has lots of hair to keep it warm. The Musk ox's hairy outer coat covers everything but its feet. Underneath the outside layer of the long, thick hair is even more hair-a soft woolly coat. The Musk ox sheds this hair when the weather gets warmer. Muskoxen also have curved hooves with sharp rims. That gives them good footing on icy slopes.

Apart from animals living in the Arctic Region and adapting to their surroundings, there are people who are called indigenous people who are people originally living in a certain area or region. Indigenous people who live in the Arctic have adapted to the environment using different kinds of strategies. Depending on the location where they live, indigenous people depend on marine animals as a type of food to eat. Hunted animals involve caribous, reindeers, muskoxen, seals, walruses, whales, birds like ducks and geese, and fish. Gathering plants and berries for sources of food and medicinal purposes is also important. The indigenous people of the Arctic are also very smart in navigating and understanding the Arctic environment.

The people of the Arctic depend on the rivers and oceans as another type of food and as a way to move around. They are very good at reading the conditions of the weather, land, snow, ice etc… to help them navigate well.

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As you can see, despite the cold weather in the Arctic Region, there are people and animals that actually live and adapt to this type of weather. It's kind of neat how different people and animals around the United States adapt to their cold weather surroundings versus people and animals that live in the Arctic Region. I know it's a big difference in both locations because what's cold for humans and animals in the United States might be warm for humans and animals in the Arctic Region. Either way, it would be interesting for anyone to one day visit the Arctic Region and compare it to their home climate or vise-versus.

Please note that this sample paper on Comparison between the book the Giver and the movie Gattaca is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Comparison between the book the Giver and the movie Gattaca, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Comparison between the book the Giver and the movie Gattaca will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Analysis

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Introduction

This study uses Optimist 000 software to conduct a financial analysis of the CSL Company, (CSL limited develops, manufactures and markets pharmaceutical products of biological origin). Study will start off with interpretation of generated reports (Ratio Analysis and Cash flow Analysis) from optimist software, past five year data is used to analyze the trend of the company from 18 to 00 [Appendix 4-Appendix 8][1]. Concept of roll forward and goal seeking (what if analysis) is also discussed in this report in assistance to managers and further the report would include the benefits and limitations of using optimist software from manager, creditor and investor's perspective.

Optimist000 allows shifting through large amounts of data in order to extract valuable business information. It provides a summary of financial scorecard, which incorporates the following features []

• Goal seeking tools allows forecasting results of specific financial changes.

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• Budgeting is now very efficient with the roll forward function which enables a budget to be created in just two key strokes.

• Using variance reporting one can analyze the relationship between profit and loss statement and balance sheet.

• Key performance measures are presented geographically making it easy for non financial people to interpret financial information.

After loading the figures of profit and loss and balance sheet in loading zone of optimist software, the software calculates different results i.e. Ratio analysis, cash flow statement, one unit, marginal cash analysis, and comparative analysis of the company over last two years. The results are based on consolidated figures of CSL limited (18-00) [Appendix1, , ].

Ratio analysis

Ratios [Appendix 4 - Appendix 8] are based on historical financial data and, as always, interpretation must bear in mind the accounting conventions used (U.S. generally accepted accounting principles [GAAP] or international accounting standards [IAS]) [] and the characteristics of the industry in which the company operates

Ratios can be used for horizontal or vertical analysis. The objective of horizontal analysis, or comparing a companys performance over a number of years, is to identify trends that may give insights into the companys future performance and ability to repay a bank loan.

The objective of vertical analysis, or comparing different companies within the same industry, is to identify any variance from the norm, to determine the reason for the variance, and to assess the effect on the credit.

For this study horizontal analysis is conducted based on last five years financial statements. In order to analyze the trend, the results are also shown in graphical format which also give us an idea at a glance about company's performance.

Profit & Loss results;

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