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Monday, May 11, 2020

Consumer culture in America

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Americans have an obsession with consumerism. Whether the consumption is in buying, advertising, manufacturing or distribution, the majority of the American public is fascinated with the art. The technically crafted trade of consumerism has been forced upon us throughout time. Like a runaway train, consumption is inescapable. Through measures of simplicity, consumerism has been pushed away from attacking the very core of existence. However, many Americans cannot rid themselves of simple necessities to avoid the massive upheaval consumerism places amongst a public. As a consumer society, has consumption been forced upon us? Since the late 1th Century, consumerism has broadened its horizons immensely with tactics of advertising, labeling, branding, and public relations manipulation. I believe these bold maneuvers by manufacturers and advertisers have been thrusted upon the American public, but the society has welcomed the tactics with open arms. Specific instances in history have offered simplistic solutions to the crisis of consumerism, but as a population, Americans are not ready to give up their cell phones, compact disc players, DVD players and computers with high-speed Internet access. The following paper will discuss through factual information and opinions how an American public has willingly trenched their way to an ever-expanding market of consumption.


With beginnings in the late 1th Century and early 0th Century, branding and labeling formed a manufacturers dream of profit and a consumers need for specifics. Americans could choose what product or service fit a particular need with the invention of branding and labeling. With the introduction of advertising, people were propelled more into a consumer frenzy of buying. Advertisements were a direct avenue to the consumer from the manufacturer to make a profit. Consumerism, during the later half of the 0th Century, hit all time highs. The creative destruction of consumerism was even deemed affluenza to give the actions of many some type of sickness to explain a habit or a lifestyle. Throughout this time period, ideas of simplicity have been introduced and reintroduced to a mildly willing public to heal wounds of consumerism, which include credit card debt, bankruptcy court and failing family values. The cradle of consumerism has rocked an American public, but as a society, should we not blame only ourselves?


During the late 1th Century and early 0th Century, consumers main outlet for consumption was the local general store. Whether a farmer came to the nearest rural town once a month or whether a mother went around the corner, the general store was sufficient in a persons basic needs. According to Susan Strasser, author of Satisfaction Guaranteed The Making of the American Mass Market, mainly a wholesaler supplied general stores. The idea of the wholesaler dominated retailers and customers alike. Retailers depended on the wholesaler to deliver goods so in turn, the retailers could profit from customers patronage. Wholesalers, in other words, controlled marketing in both of its senses they did the physical work of distribution, and they took responsibility for product promotion (Strasser, 1). The goods wholesalers marketed were unbranded and generic. Manufacturers decided to market their own products for customers. One example Strasser gives with this concept was Proctor and Gambles marketing of Crisco. With advertising, such as store displays, Crisco became a household name (). The invention of Crisco was significant in several ways. First, Proctor and Gamble made it possible for a brand to take hold over a wholesaler. The tide turned from wholesaler to manufacturer. On the one hand, the power that brands gave manufacturers was constrained by consumers close relationships with local merchants and retailers connections with wholesalers. On the other, to promote strong brand identification, manufacturing corporations established reputations and relationships with consumers as surely as the corner grocer did through personal contact and personality (8). Secondly, customers, along with storeowners, transformed into consumers (0). A new social class was created, which was not based on income, gender or race. People, through brands, were part of the same class of consumers. Branding promoted indifference meaning different brands of one product competed for a consumers dollar. Nevertheless, branding issued togetherness amongst people through retailers and customers. Consumers imaginations were stretched with the new introduction of products that could suit convenience into their daily lives (8). Routines and lifestyle habits changed forever with manufacturers introducing new products lines that would revolutionize a consumer culture. For instance, the selling of convenience, such as Campbells instant soup, hit consumers with new buying habits because it was easier for a busier lifestyle (5). The national brand was usually sold with a unique label or trademark, to avoid substitutions, so the customer would be able to identify a company name such as Proctor and Gamble or Kodak (87). The main influence of national brands was to avoid and bypass the wholesaler and to win trust in the consumer to buy more (88). According to James B. Twitchell, author of Adcult USA The Triumph of Advertising in American Culture, the process of differentiation, called branding, is the key in all advertising (Twitchell, 54). A customer had to determine which product was the best, and brands were the way consumers made this decision. The consumer developed a dependency on certain national brands. This dependence carried on to other products during the 0th Century.


Advertising is one medium to get the message of the manufacturer to the consumer. Ads for goods and services reach a wide variety of audiences, which are segmented into different categories. Adcult author Twitchell believes advertising is not part of the dominant culture, it is the dominant culture (0). This statement is very bold and very correct. Advertising has overwhelmed the United States like no other outlet, except for television. At any point, television is the entertainment medium advertising uses most frequently. However, in the late 1th Century, advertisements found its avenue for exposure in newspapers and magazines. Newspapers, at first, tried to control aspects of advertising, but newspapers began to rely on advertising for profit. Today, eighty percent of all newspaper revenues come from advertising fifty-two percent from retailers, thirty-five percent from classified, and thirteen percent from national clients like airlines (71). Magazines would soon follow the same pattern of profiting from advertisements. Although the newspaper advertisement was very effective, consumers were drawn in more to advertising by the radio. The development of the radio came from technology developed during the World War I (81). Radio stations began to emerge from the postwar shadows, and advertisements slowly crept up on radio programs. However, radio would eventually dominate as an entertainment medium well into the 140s. According to Gary Cross, author of An All-Consuming Century Why Commercialism Won In Modern America, consumerism became a democracy, and in a sense, everyone was encouraged to be a participant. With the book divided into time periods, Cross organizes consumerism as a ladder in which people climb the steps each time goods are accumulated. With the heydays of the 10s, Americans were finding carefree ways to consume products. For instance, with technological advances in the automobile, people were obtaining new senses of freedom especially in consumerism. People were also trying to attain an idea of individuality while marketers and advertisers in the time period were trying to exhibit family togetherness. During the 10s, the Great Depression loomed in the minds of everyone. Despite the shock of the Depression and its tenacity, few Americans saw the economic slump as anything but temporary (Cross, 75). Advertisements took on a new form with the propaganda ads during World War II. With the war movement came advertisements of propaganda promoting the effort at home and on the front. Although the propaganda ads focused on sustaining economic extravagance to help the boys at war, advertising during World War II foreshadowed a future of unlimited consumption after the Allied victory (84). The 150s saw an economic explosion with the wide introduction of television. But according to Twitchell, the greatest advertising medium ever concocted, bar none…Television is the primary force in Adcult (Twitchell, ). Advertising on television is like a great sucking sound a person hears when watching any program. Television advertising reaches into to grab the viewers from the couch or the Lazy-Boy and sucks them into a primal existence of buying frenzies. Television provides a viewer with entertainment and information programming, but these shows have to be sponsored by advertisers with dollars to spend. With audience shares from major television networks, advertisers buy the audience with their marketing techniques (). According to Cross, the television has become a family member and a way for youth to escape the confines of parental guidance. During the 160s, a counterculture of youth rejecting authority quickly developed out of protest to the Vietnam War. Twitchell believes percent of all advertising has no effect on the consumer (). I highly disagree with this statement because consumers are barraged with advertisements daily whether the medium is in billboards, television or radio. In my opinion, an advertisement will reach someone in a specific audience at some point in a lifetime. An advertisement can produce a desire to obtain a good a person wants.


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Manufacturers differentiate specific groups between each other to promote advertisements. Children have been a long target group for advertisers and manufacturers. In William Leachs Land of Desire Merchants, Power and the New Rise of the American Culture, families were targeted as consumption communities. Youth specialization led to the creation of specific departments in stores for toys and childrens clothing. Santa Claus became an icon, when in the past, Santa was a mythical character to be looked upon as a jolly old man. Today, Santa Claus is at every shopping mall, every strip mall and at the local Shoneys restaurant ready to take pictures with crying children lugging their angst-ridden mothers in tow. Advertisers and marketers use children to train them in underground trenches of places such as Toys R Us and Chucky Cheese so future consumers can start the cycle all over again with their own children. In the book Affluenza The All Consuming Epidemic authored by John DeGraaf, Thomas Naylor and David Wann, this consumerism programmed towards children is seen as infecting these kids with a disease. Children have become spectacles for marketing with parents seen by the majority as total idiots. Women are a highly marketable group for advertisers. The promotion of such womens products, such as Slim-Fast, has produced problems like anorexia and bulimia. Magazines, such as Cosmopolitan and Elle, portray women as wanton sex goddesses. Adcults Twitchell believes these ads geared towards females are not to blame for the cultural problems young women face (15). In my opinion, these images mortify a womans confidence. Advertisers, probably in the back of their minds, think they are portraying an image of self-quality. However, in reality, advertisers are slowly profiting for the manufacturer an image of falsity and tragedy.


Advertising sees no boundaries when holidays and sporting events arise. Christmas is suppose to be a time to rejoice in the birth of Jesus Christ, however with After-Thanksgiving sales, Kmart Bluelight specials and no parking spaces at the local shopping mall, Christmas has turned into a consumer freefall of chaos. In the past, After-Thanksgiving sales start at the break of dawn with lines of customers waiting at stores, such as Wal-Mart, to get that special deal no other store will ever offer. Customers, as they reach the special deal, sigh in relief that they have just enough on their Visa credit card to charge the present of their dreams. Why do the holidays bring a sense of desire for shopping? Holidays are created to extend the pleasure of advertising. Valentines Day and Mothers Day are created to profit upon by card companies such as Hallmark. Advertisers are fanatics when sporting events happen. Every college football bowl game has a sponsor. I think it is nice to sit on my Lazy-Boy recliner drinking a Budweiser beer while watching the Tostidos Fiesta Bowl. However, advertisers and critics alike go through a freefall of advertisements during the Super Bowl (1). New ads and sensationalism run rampant in the cold January month when football is suppose to be the main event, but advertising draws viewers in like a pregame sideshow. Advertising can catch a consumer off guard at any moment whether at the sidelines of a football game or at a viewing of a Christmas cantata.


As Americans, the majority feel caught up in the consumption of it all. Whether a person is trying to accumulate what the next-door neighbor has accomplished or whether television is portraying an outrageously skewed standard of living, consumers, according to Affluenzas authors, are congested with stuff and clutter. Most people fear we will not succeed in the eyes of our peers whether it is financially or culturally (De Graaf, ). Many people suffer through the trials of credit card debt and bankruptcy to gain the consumer needs and wants of life. Instant gratification can drive a person to obtain the goods needed to sustain a culturally developed lifestyle, but the debt could follow the individual to the grave (1).


Ideas of simplicity have been introduced to a seemingly willing public to solve the hardships of consumption. However, most of these problem solving efforts have gone unnoticed or been placed on the backburner. According to An All-Consuming Century author Gary Cross, the late 160s and 170s found a growing resentment toward the authority of consumption. Counterculturalists, such as Jerry Rubin, denounced consumerism and its evils, but according to Cross, these passive hippies adapted their new lifestyle habits into a different kind of consumerism (167). By the 180s, the former hippies turned into consumer hungry people trapped in the consumption maze. During the 170s, President Jimmy Carter, to no avail, attempted to cure a consumption-stricken nation with conservation efforts. His sounds of simplicity fell on the deaf ears of almost everyone. Support groups for the debt-ridden have popped up over the past twenty years. Voluntary simplicity has emerged in counseling sessions, but through all of these efforts at solving this problem of angst consumption, one detail to salvation still remains the same. Simplicity can change the individual only if the individual lets simplicity into their lifestyle.


I agree people have been berated with advertisements and manufacturer promises. A population has suffered through economic hardships, whether it was nationally or personally. Advertising mediums have inundated our entire beings with commercials, billboards and print ads. Credit cards fill our wallets until the bulge of credit lines pop to the limit. Can we blame the advertisements or the mediums in which they use? In my opinion, I saw no. Consumption is an individual choice. People choose to fill out the MasterCard application. People choose to pay with credit instead of paying with cash. People choose to go to Wal-Mart at 00 am in the morning to pick up a television. Do advertisements have an effect on individuals and their consumption? In a sense, advertisements can affect a person to buy a particular item, but it is the persons choice in whether to spend the money to purchase it. I do believe some advertisements may have a negative effect on females, as discussed previously, because beauty is in the eye of the beholder. However, when beauty is spread among the pages of Vanity Fair, many young women are targeted to an image of unreality. I know it is a womans individual choice whether to use Fen-Fen, but being in the female class, I guess I am a little biased in this particular issue. Simplicity is a decision a person has to make on his or her own. Consumption can overrun people until lives are torn apart, but to blame a manufacturer or an advertisement, is not the answer. The blame game is among us, but we, in the end, can only make the choice that fits our lives.


Bibliography


Cross, Gary. An All Consuming Century Why Commercialism Won in Modern


America. Columbia University Press. New York, 000.


De Graaf, John, Naylor, Thomas, Wann, David. Affluenza The All Consuming


Epidemic. Berrett-Koehler Publishers, Inc. San Francisco, 00.


Leach, William. Land of Desire Merchants, Power, and the Rise of a New American


Culture. Vintage Books, Random House. New York, 14.


Strasser, Susan. Satisfaction Guaranteed The Making of An American Mass Market.


Smithsonian Institution Press Washington and London, 15.


Twitchell, James. Adcult USA The Triumph of Advertising in American Culture.


New York Columbia University Press, 16.


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Friday, May 8, 2020

Pendulum coursework

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PLAN


String


Ruler


B A WeightWrite my Essay on Pendulum coursework for me


Stand


Desk


Timer


The time period for a pendulum is the time taken for the pendulum to swing from one point to another (i.e. from A to B and back again)


I need to record this time period, but it is too short, so I will time 10 periods and then divide the final time by 10 to give me the time of one pendulum time period.


When doing this experiment I will need to take in account the three variables; Displacement, the mass of the pendulum, and the length of the string that the pendulum is attached to. I have decided to vary the variables in the following way


Displacement (0)


80


0


Length Of String (cm)


80


0


Mass Of Pendulum (g)


00


500


I have chosen to use this figures because they are wide apart and I will find out how many figures I will need to use in my final experiment.


In my preliminary experiments I am only going to vary one variable at a time, when I use mass as a constant I will set it as 100g, this is because it is not too small a value and it is not too big. When I set length of string as a constant I will 60 cm, this because it is an average value. When I set displacement as a constant I will set it as 50 degrees, this is because I tested 0 degrees and it was too big a displacement so I lowered the value to 50 degrees. I will time 10 time periods, as I said before, and divide the answer by 10 to give the time of one time period.


Here are my preliminary results


PLAN


Displacement (0) Time Period (s)


80 .15


0 .15


Mass (g) Time Period (s)


00 .16


500 .14


Length Of String (cm) Time Period (s)


80 1.8


0 1.


By looking at my preliminary experiment results I can say that the displacement and the mass of the pendulum will have no effect on my final experiment results. I can also make a prediction of my final results


The longer the piece of string, the longer the time period of the pendulum


I can say this because if the string is longer, it will have to travel a greater distance, so the time period will be longer. The longer the piece of string the higher the potential energy, so the velocity will be greater. In my final experiment I am going to use the following values for the length of the piece of string


100, 80, 60, 40, 0 (cm) lengths


with a mass of 100g acting as the pendulum, and the displacement length I am going to use is 50 degrees. I have chosen to use these values because the lengths are spread out, and the displacement was too high at 0 degrees so I lowered it and the mass is neither a very large mass nor a very small mass. I am going to time 10 time periods, because 1 is too small, and then divide the time by 10 to give me the time of one time period.


I will repeat the above experiment times and take an average of the sets of results. To find the average I will need to do the following calculation


Average = RA + RB +RC


Where RA = Result A


Where RB = Result B


Where RC = Result C


OBTAINING EVIDENCE


Results A


Length Of String (cm) Time Period (s)


100 .0


80 1.8


60 1.6


40 1.


0 1.


10 0.


Results B


Length Of String (cm) Time Period (s)


100 .1


80 1.8


60 1.5


40 1.


0 1.1


10 0.


Results C


Length Of String (cm) Time Period (s)


100 .1


80 1.6


60 1.5


40 1.4


0 1.0


10 0.8


As you can see from my three final experiment results I have repeat values, they are highlighter in the same colour if they are matching


I am now going to take an average of my sets of results


Length Of String (cm) Time Period (s)


100 .07


80 1.7


60 1.5


40 1.


0 1.1


10 0.87


ANALYSING EVIDENCE AND DRAWING CONCLUSIONS


As you can see from my graph, I can say that there is a relationship between the length of the string and the time taken, this relationship is


The longer the piece of string, the more time it takes it takes for the pendulum to swing


I can say that the prediction matches my analysis, so my prediction was correct. My Graph shows that I have done the experiment correct because there are no extreme pieces of data or faults in the graph.


EVALUATING EVIDENCE


My results show that, as the length of the string increased, the time increased.


I can say that my results are accurate because I have taken the time of ten time periods of the pendulum, I have done this to keep my results accurate. To make it more accurate, I did the experiment times and took an average of the results I got for each length of string. This also proves that my results are realistic.


My experiment could be improved by using more lengths of string, which would give me more results, which would give me a clearer graph.


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Thursday, May 7, 2020

Superman

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thsntht Bb


Jilliann that one is a little more complex


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Jilliann what?


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thsntht still needs edit


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Jilliann very sensory )


tjaden sounds of a clarinet flowing through silk impregnated with opiates


tjaden one of the best lines ive ever heard


Jilliann me too


thsntht thanks )


thsntht Bb


Jilliann that one is a little more complex


thsntht c&c appreciated


thsntht choose


Jilliann what?


thsntht oh a misspelling i just saw


Jilliann at some places it turns too quickly


thsntht still needs edit


Jilliann I love some of the descriptors


Jilliann very sensory )


tjaden sounds of a clarinet flowing through silk impregnated with opiates


tjaden one of the best lines ive ever heard


Jilliann me too


thsntht thanks )


la-de-bg has joined #Poetry


Melody` It is great to write about the sensation of smell. It is done too rarely. If you edit this, I advise you to leave the last two lines as they are.


thsntht but it needs edit


thsntht thanks all


thsntht hi la-de


la-de-bg hi thsntht )


Jilliann it was great seeing you all raw and exposed though. thank you.


la-de-bg hello everyone )


Melody` Hello la-de-bg


frostbite has joined #Poetry


pistashio has joined #Poetry


thsntht tj that is my favorite line too....i liked how it felt when i wrote it....if i should scrap this poem i will keep that line


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pistashio oh well


la-de-bg hmmmmm i shoulda been here earlier /


Melody` Here is a poem


pistashio tomorrow is a new day 7


la-de-bg has joined #Poetry


Melody` It is great to write about the sensation of smell. It is done too rarely. If you edit this, I advise you to leave the last two lines as they are.


thsntht but it needs edit


thsntht thanks all


thsntht hi la-de


la-de-bg hi thsntht )


Jilliann it was great seeing you all raw and exposed though. thank you.


la-de-bg hello everyone )


Melody` Hello la-de-bg


frostbite has joined #Poetry


pistashio has joined #Poetry


thsntht tj that is my favorite line too....i liked how it felt when i wrote it....if i should scrap this poem i will keep that line


tjaden yeah, im sorry i didnt write it(


pistashio evening poeteers


Jilliann hi pistashio


la-de-bg hi pistashio )


pistashio hi hello


pistashio ) are we reading onight?


thsntht ive read a few...time for someone else


Jilliann ths just got done. it was a good one too


pistashio oh well


la-de-bg hmmmmm i shoulda been here earlier /


Melody` Here is a poem


pistashio tomorrow is a new day 7


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Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Killer Whales

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Swimming silently through the cool waters of the North Pacific, these proficient hunters come across a school of fish. Working as a team, they surround the fish until they are in a dense ball for easy catching. Swiftly they dive through the ball to obtain their meal. Satisfied, they go on and leave the fish to find something else that strikes their curiosity. Killer whales (Orcinus orca) are unique marine mammals due to their physical statistics, adaptation for an aquatic environment and their hunting/feeding methods.


The physical statistics of killer whales are particular to this group of marine mammals. Their coloration, fins, and size describe what the killer whale looks like.


To identify a killer whale at sea would be quite simple due to their distinctive coloration. They are black and white, with a gray saddle behind the dorsal fin. The white is prominently on the belly, with a lobe ascending the flank on each side and another pair of white, elliptical shaped lobes behind the eyes. They are counter-shaded being dark on their dorsal surface and white on their ventral surface. The dark side blends in with the murky ocean depths when viewed from above. The light ventral side blends in with the lighter surface of the sea when seen from below. Having this makes them practically invisible to their prey.Order Custom Essay on Killer Whales


Another easy way to spot a killer whale is by its dorsal fin. The fin is located right on the back of the orca and can be easily seen when the orca is near the surface. The dorsal fins of male killer whales are the tallest of any cetacean in the world, growing up to 6ft. Female dorsal fins are smaller at around -4ft. and my be slightly curved back. "Because of the huge diversity of killer whale dorsal fins, researchers take pictures of these fins to identify individuals and their pods, much like fingerprints are taken to identify humans." (Gormley 14)


The Orcinus orca, or the killer whale, is the largest of the dolphin family. Although small compared to some whales, killer whales are the largest predators of mammals ever known. Males or bulls, average 1- feet and usually weigh between 8,000-1,000 lbs. Females or cows, some what smaller, average 16-1 feet and weigh between ,000-8,000 lbs. The largest male ever recorded was ft. and weighed ,000lbs. The largest female recorded was 8ft. and weighed 16,500lbs.


Adaptations for their aquatic environment can be described in their senses, swimming/diving methods, and in how they live and interact with others and by them selves.


The senses of killer whales are acute. They have a keen sense of hearing and the auditory cortex of the brain is well developed. Their ears are located just behind the eyes, and are small inconspicuous openings, with no external flaps. "They hear tones within the frequency range of about 0.5 to 15 kHz, which is much greater than the range for humans which is about 0.0 to 17 kHz."(Bonner 171) Their hearing, or sound reception, probably takes place through the lower jaw. The fat filled lower jawbone conducts sound waves through the jaw to bones in the middle ears. The lower jawbone of toothed whales broadens and is hollow at the base, where is hinges with the skull. Within this very thing, hollow bone is a fat deposit that extends back toward the auditory bulla (ear bone complex). Sounds are received and conducted through the lower jaw to the middle ear, inner ear, and then to hearing centers in the brain via the auditory nerve.


Killer whales have acute vision both in and out of the water. Killer whales eyes are on each side of the head, located just behind and above the mouth, and in front of the white eyespot. The eye is well camouflaged and located near the white "false eyespot". These false eyespots may protect a killer whale's eyes from prey they are attacking. Prey animals may attempt to injure the eyes of a predator in order to escape, but the obvious false eyespot may draw attention away from the killer whale's real eyes. In the eye there are glands at the inner corners of the eye sockets that secrete an oily, jelly like mucus that lubricates the eyes, washes away debris, and probably helps streamline the eyes as a killer whale swims. The tear like film may also protect the eyes from infectious organisms.


Killer whales are among the fastest swimming marine mammals. "They can swim at speeds up to 0mph, making them perhaps the second fastest marine mammal next to the Commerson's dolphin, which reaches swimming speed up to 5mph."(Payne 48) But they generally cruise at lower speeds around -6mph. When diving, killer whales usually do not dive deep; usually around 100-00 ft. although the deepest dive known under experimental conditions was 00 ft. Their longer dives usually last around 10 minutes, with the longest dive observed in the ocean lasting 1 minutes. Like other marine mammals, killer whales have a slower heart rate while diving. It can slow from 60 beats to 0 beats per minute while diving. Also when diving, blood is shunted away from tissues tolerant of low oxygen levels and channeled toward the heart, lungs, and brain where oxygen is needed. Marine mammals have a higher concentration of the oxygen-binding protein myoglobin in the muscles. Myoglobin stores oxygen and helps prevent muscle oxygen deficiency. These combined adaptations allow a killer whale to conserve oxygen during a dive.


Killer whales live in cohesive long-term social units called pods. The size of a pod usually varies from fewer than 5 to about 0 individuals, with the largest recorded being over 100 whales. Pods consist of males, females, and calves of varying age. Females and juveniles generally remain in the center of the pod, while adult males swim at the wings. Killer whales in a pod appear to establish strong social bonds. Behavior studies suggest that certain animals prefer associating with one another. "Killer whale behavior includes spy hopping, breaching, lob tailing, pec slapping, and dorsal fin slapping."(Journal ) Scientists believe that these behaviors are connected with displays of dominance or to survey a surrounding area. They may also do some of these behaviors to relive an itch, as their outer skin layer is continually sloughed as they swim. Also they engage in beach rubbing; they rub their bodies along the pebbly bottoms of shallow bays. This may help the whales remove external parasites, or they do it for the tactile stimulation.


Knowing how the killer whales hunt is an amazing thing to know seeing how they are magnificent predators underwater. They eat a variety of food eat day to survive in their ocean environments.


Killer whales are without a doubt the top predators in the ocean. In fact, they are the largest predators of warm-blooded animals ever known. Much like packs of wolves or pride lions, killer whales often hunt cooperatively in pod for food. They work together to encircle and herd prey into a small area before attacking. This act is called balling. They also sometimes throw their prey in to the air as if they were playing with it, as a cat plays with a mouse before they eat it. When hunting a large whale, a pod of killer whales may attack from several angles.


When eating, killer whales swallow their food in chucks, but their throats are large enough to swallow small seals and walruses whole. They often tend to eat the tongues and livers of their prey first. Fishes, squids, seals, sea lions, walruses, birds, sea turtles, otters and penguins all make up the diet of the killer whale. They usually need about % to 4% of their body weight in food per day.


To admire these whale in their habitat and learn so much about them is truly an experience one should have. Hopefully the oceans will remain safe for these whales and all magnificent creatures of the sea.


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Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Alesson before Dying Essay

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A Lesson Before Dying Writing Sample


Throughout the story A Lesson Before Dying, the term hog is used in a cruel manner to describe Jefferson. The term hog was first used with intention of possibly reducing his sentence of death. He was being charged for the murder of Mr. Grope the storeowner. It was not uncommon at the time for African Americans to be belittled by being called a hog. Jefferson's lawyer was referring to him as a hog as an excuse that seemed practical at the time of post-civil war reconstruction era of the time. It was thought in the south that African Americans were inferior to whites at the time, and Jefferson committing murder was just his inability to make proper distinction between right and wrong.


Prior to the verdict being announced both sides the defense and prosecution both had closing statements that had permanent effects upon the story. The prosecution accused Jefferson of being the last man standing after the robbery that went wrong; then stuffing money into his pockets and celebrating the event by drinking over there still-bleeding bodies. This proposal was not even close to true proceedings that happened on that day when Jefferson was cheated into being apart of such an unintelligent plan of robbing a liquor store. The defenses attorney persisted to maintain his innocence throughout the case, but Jefferson's lawyer was unable to have any kind of an effect upon the all white jury who thought of Jefferson as just a hog who has stepped out of line and should be slaughtered. His lawyer said, "A cornered animal to strike out of fear, a trait inherited from his ancestors in the deepest jungle of the blackest Africa," this leads up to his lawyer making him almost capable of such a crime before he said, "this skull here olds no plans. What you see here acts upon command, a thing to handle your plow and thing to load your bales of cotton. This is what you see here, but you do not see anything capable of planning a robbery and murder." At this point in the frenzied courtroom the lawyer said, "What justice would there be to take this life?" He says this as if Jefferson is not even a human being, as though he did not even deserve the electric chair. Write my Essay on Alesson before Dying Essay for me


After the judgment had been decided along with the evitable fate of Jefferson his godmother was broken down that court could not spare his life. Miss Emma had always taken care of Jefferson. She was his mama, grandmother, and godmother his everything. Miss Emma had worked all her life and was now in her early or mid seventies she had lived a not so fortunate life. The way Jefferson's lawyer put it, "Take this away from her, and she has no reason to go on living. We may see him as not much, but he's her reason for existence." This statement just reiterates the importance of Jefferson to Miss Emma whom is just a wreck. Miss Emma, his godmother was afraid that he would die a hog and have lived a meaningless life. She wanted him Not to crawl to the white man, but to get up and walk to him at the end. Now that there is not much anybody can do to spare his life she is looking for a way to restore his decency by letting him die like a man. The only rational approach she can come up with is trying to convince the school teacher Grant Wiggins to teach him basic skills necessary to become and die like a man. Miss Emma tells Grant, "I don't want them to kill no hog," she said. "I want a man to go to that chair, on his own two feet." This statement is very important to the story because it leads up to the beginning of the end. The statement also lets the reader know how important it is to Miss Emma that her son dies a man. It is also essential that in the process of proving that Jefferson is far from a hog, as well as him proving it to himself.


In conclusion the author efficiently controls the reader's sense of imagery by using sensory detail, such as referring to Jefferson as a hog. When Jefferson is first called a hog it has a lasting effect throughout the story. This effect is not only felt by Jefferson but the whole quarter which he lives. He serves as a symbol of hope to everybody. He is proving that just because he is black he is not a rudimentary hog like everyone may believe he is. Jefferson stands for all the people who have never had a chance to prove that they are more than dumb hogs; that they are just as equal as the whites are.


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Monday, May 4, 2020

How is the Eucharist lived in daily life?

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The Eucharist is lived in daily life by those of us who take it out into the world according to Jesus' teaching and the conscious of the reign of God. These men and women preach to all people who care to listen, and are encouraged by the Holy Spirit. They take time from their lives to help others in need. People who have lived by the Eucharist in their daily lives are Archbishop Oscar Romero, Mother Theresa, Fred Hyde and Tony.


Romero lived a 'eucharistic life'. He protested against the killing of innocent men and women, who had voiced their concerns about justice and liberty. He condemned all forms of violence and pleaded for peace. As Jesus taught, "Blessed are the peacemakers, for they will be called sons of God" (Mt 5). This Beatitude perfectly Romero. Romero also implored the poor not to seek personal vengeance, but to forgive the soldiers. In other words Romero was teaching the people, "But I tell you, Do not resist an evil person. If someone strikes you on the right cheek, turn to him the other also" (Mt 5).


Mother Teresa is a quite extraordinary and dedicated woman. She moved to Calcutta where she helped provide food for the needy and operate hospitals, schools, orphanages, youth centres and shelters for lepers and the dying poor. Through the compassion she has shown to others, she teaches us about the Beatitude, "Blessed are the merciful, for they will be shown mercy" (Mt 57).


Fred Hyde has greatly helped the people of _________ Island, off the coast of Bangladesh. He has set up numerous free schools for children who otherwise couldn't afford to go to school. Fred shows us how one man can do a great deal to help others. He also teaches us the Beatitude, "Blessed are the pure in heart, for they will see God" (Mt 58). For he never asks for anything in return, and has no other motive but to help the needy.


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Tony shows great values for a man integrity, compassion, familial love, celebration of life, sense of support towards the community, and a way of seeing the best in people. For the last 17 years, Tony has run a local pizzeria. He has been helping out the needy by giving them 'all the free pizza they can eat', anytime they are hungry. Tony teaches us that it is better to give than receive, for to show mercy is a great gift.


All these people have lived the Eucharist in their daily lives by going out and putting into practice the true meaning of Jesus' teachings


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Deforestation

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Deforestation


Introduction


Deforestation is the removal of trees and other plants from forest areas more quickly than they can be replanted or regenerated naturally. It is a problem because of the parts that the trees have to play in stabilising the climate, atmospheric composition and soil structure.


Reasons for Deforestation


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There is a large variety of reasons for why people choose to clear forests


· Agricultural purposes Grazing cattle or planting crops. Poor farmers in developing countries chop down a small area of trees and burn them, which provide nutrients for the soil (know as the 'Slash-and-Burn' technique). This supply is quickly exhausted so the farmers move on to a fresh area, and the cycle starts again. This occurs on a much larger scale for intensive or modern agriculture e.g. large cattle pastures often replace rain forest to grow beef .


· Commercial logging the cutting down of trees for sale as timber or pulp. In the developed world, there are increasing demands for hardwoods such as mahogany and ebony. The rate at which trees are felled is increasing to meet these demands. People in third world countries need the timber for firewood, as it's practically the only source of fuel available to people living there. The heavy machinery used (e.g. bulldozers) is just as damaging to a forest overall as the chainsaws are to individual trees


· Construction of towns or dams, which flood large areas. People who live in shanty towns in areas like Brazil are being encouraged to move to rural areas, so more land has to be cleared to accommodate these people.


· Roads they're built through the forest to allow easier access to underground resources like iron and aluminium. Trees also have to be removed to mine these resources.


Effects of Deforestation


· The Greenhouse Effect During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is taken in and oxygen is given out. Deforestation removes the carbon 'sinks', and coupled with the carbon dioxide emitted from the burning of fossil, the levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increase. The carbon dioxide forms a blanket around the earth and traps heat from solar radiation. This is called the greenhouse effect, and causes the average temperature of the earth to rise. If this continues, the polar ice caps could melt and cause flooding.


· Soil Erosion The trees and shrubs in a forest cover the ground and protect the soil from the rain. Tree leaves intercept the rain fall, and shrubs and leaf litter protects the soil from water dripping off the leaves. With this protection removed, the rain falls directly onto the bare soil and erodes it. The rain also leaches the soil of important nutrients, making it less fertile.


· Disruption of the Hydrological Cycle Deforestation can effect the local climate of an area by reducing the evaporative cooling that takes place from the soil and plants. Because the amount of evapotranspiration has been reduced, the formation of clouds and therefore precipitation is also reduced. This threatens the existence of the remaining plants in the forest. Deforestation can also cause flooding. In forested areas, flood water is absorbed into the soil and taken up by the tree roots. The water is then transpired through aerial parts of the plant and into the atmosphere, where it forms clouds. In deforested areas, the flood water runs across the area and is not stopped by vegetation. The top layer of soil is eroded in this process and gets transported into rivers where it causes the level of silt to rise. This rise in the river level causes floods to occur more frequently. Less evaporation also means that more of the sun's energy is used to warm the surface and consequently the air above, leading to a rise in temperatures.


· Reduction in Biodiversity Tropical rainforests consist of around half of the total amount of species of plants and animals on Earth. Without the rainforest as a habitat for these organisms, they will not be able to survive. Biologists are worried that a vast number of species will become extinct before they can be catalogued and examined. There are many species there that have provided us with cures for illnesses, and with the rainforests being destroyed, many other cures could be lost. The extinction of various species will also disrupt the food web they are in, possibly leading to the extinction of species which depended on them for survival.


· Spreading of Disease the mosquito, anopheles darlingi, which spreads malaria parasites, breeds in pools of water that are created in deforested land and on eroded land. Deforestation therefore favours a population explosion of this species.


After Deforestation


What happens after a forest is cut is very important in the regeneration of that forest.


In a tropical rain forest, nearly all the life-sustaining nutrients are found in the plants and trees and not in the ground, like northern or temperate forests. When the plants and trees are cut down for agricultural purposes for the poor people, the tree trunks are usually burnt to release nutrients into the soil. Rain leaches the soil, and after around three years, the ground is no longer capable of supporting crops. The farmers will abandon this area and it will be left to grow back to a rainforest. As the soil is very low in nutrient content, the forest will grow back very slowly. It may take up to fifty years to grow back.


Shade agriculture, where a lot of the original forest trees are left to provide shade for shade-loving crops e.g. coffee and chocolate. When this type of farm is abandoned, the forest grows back very quickly (in around twenty years), as most of it was left unharmed in the first place.


Intensive agricultural systems use a lot of pesticides and fertilisers. The chemicals kill a lot of living organisms in the area and weaken the ecosystem's health. Plantations that use irrigation systems change the water balance of the land. After the abandonment of this kind of system, it can take many centuries for a forest to re-grow.


Solutions to Deforestation


· Reforesting this is especially popular in Vietnam, where most of their forests were destroyed during the war. Now, every pupil has to plant a tree and look after it.


· Bans generally, people want a ban on the logging of 'ancient-growth' forests and possibly compensating companies for not logging certain areas.


· Sustainable Forests using forest and the animals and plants that live in them in ways that do not permanently damage them. This could mean taking only as much timber or other products as the forests can support so that they will continue to be productive in future years.


· Recycling an option for the wealthier countries in the world to cut down on their consumption of forest products in general.


· Protected Areas environmental organisations like WWF and Friend of the Earth can offer legal protection for certain areas by campaigning and informing governments over the necessity to protect a proportion of the world forests from destruction.


· Produce an increase in demand for products which have their origin in tropical rainforests e.g. body creams, bath oils, sweets, fruits and nuts, would make the forests more secure, as a large number of trees are needed to produce a large yield.


Conclusion


Deforestation is a threat to life worldwide. It has an effect on the global climate and causes the extinction of thousands of species annually. Simple solutions are not the answer as many factors have to be thought of. Deforestation mainly occurs in LEDC's, where they need the money that the products of deforestation earn them. Long term solutions would have to be thought of to offer the countries an economically viable alternative, before the ecological loss increases.


Please note that this sample paper on Deforestation is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Deforestation, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Deforestation will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.


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