The Status of Women in Islam

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The Status of Women in Islam

Introduction

In the history of the world, Islam was the first religion and the first social system which recognized the human status of women and awarded them the highest dignity and honor. In addition, Islam granted women equal rights with men in every aspect, and abolished all discriminations on the basis of sex. Amina Muhsin, who is well-known Islamic author, claims that "Women's rights in the civil, political, social, economic and cultural areas are indivisible from one another in the realities of daily life; it is thus insufficient to see only civil and political rights as relevant for legal protection. Similarly, women's rights, stemming from the recognition of their subordinate position, cannot be isolated from the economic, social and political rights of all the male members of the society." (7) According to the ancient Persians, woman was a symbol of filth and evil, and all wicked deities were represented as females. During this period, in which women were deprived of all rights, Islam's attempts to liberate them from this shameful position were expressed in Prophet Muhammed's own words. These words are, 'Woman is the equal of man and the other half of the society, He who respects his wife's rights is a good Muslim'. In Islam, both women and men have the same status. In the words of the Quran God says "You are members, one of another." (15) There is no difference between men and women in regards status, rights and blessings both in this world and in the hereafter. Both are equal participants as the carrying out of the functions of daily living. God clearly defined and guaranteed the rights of women in the Quran so that they could no more be exposed to those wrongs, injustices and oppressions which had been inflicted on them since the beginning of the human species.

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However, after just a short time from the death of the Prophet Muhammed people started to change and misinterpret all the verses of the Quran and they started to use Quran by ignoring some parts of it. Women were started to be seen as inferior to men again and they were deprived of all rights. This has been a problem since those days and it has caused a big question for today's societies. What is the status of women in Islam and have women any rights in Islam? This is worth studying since people believe that Islam is a religion for men rather than women and it gives no right to women. Additionally, Islam is displayed as the worst religion that exists in the world by abusing real Quran's rights. For instance, Sarah Shaver Hughes says that Islamic practices regarding women are so resistant to change because they have the sanction of the Quran (). It is obvious that she sees Islam as a very restrictive religion for women. This misconception of Islam is just because of the wrong applications in some Islamic countries which are governed by theocracy such as Iran. In order to understand the right place of women in Islam, firstly we must look at the Quran, which is the most reliable source, and has certain rules about Islam. After that, to understand what Islam provides women with better, we can compare status of women before Islam and after Islam in terms of some qualifications such as women's education and rights in marriage. For instance, if we look at the position of Islam in relation to women's education in particular, we see that they are equal to men in the pursuit of education and knowledge. When Islam enjoins the seeking of knowledge upon Muslims, it makes no distinction between man and woman. As Abdul-Ati Hammuda states in his article, almost fourteen centuries ago, Prophet Muhammed declared that the pursuit of knowledge is incumbent on every Muslim male and female. This declaration was very clear and was implemented by Muslims throughout history (www.unn.ac.uk). As a conclusion, it will become apparent from this study that contrary to the world-spread misconceptions, women in Islam are permitted to full rights as citizens and Islam raised women to the status of being as worthy of human dignity.

The Place of Women in Society Before Islam

As Javad Haifaa states in his book "The Rights of Women in Islam", it is a well-known fact that the condition of women in general before Islam was dismal. The history of human civilization shows that women were slaves for their husbands, who could keep them or divorce them at their will and pleasure. Women were viewed as the symbol of sin, misfortune, shame and they had no rights or positions in society. They were not individuals themselves and men had absolute domination over them (1). Additionally they were deprived of all opportunities to develop their personalities and their individualities. Women were also denied all rights of inheritance and ownership in this period. In fact, women were being seen not as a person but as a thing to buy and sell.

However, in the Arabian Peninsula, the birth place of Islam, the situation of women was obviously worst before Islam. Men have absolute domination over them in this time. They belonged to their fathers or to their husbands; therefore, they were not individuals themselves. It has been stated in Baveja's book that "At annual gatherings and fairs women were made to dance naked and poets sat around composing poems on various parts of their body and movements."(5) It is clear that they were treated as an object of sex with no respect and they had the lowest dignity.

On the other hand, women were also considered as a heavy burden on the family in pre-Islamic Arabia. The birth of a daughter was thought as a cause of disgrace and shame and it would make the father sad and sorrowful. They would feel pride when they had sons but felt ashamed when they had daughter. The Quran describes this situation "When the birth of a girl is announced to one of them, his face grows dark and he is filled with inward gloom. Because of the bad news, he hides himself from men should he keep her with disgrace or bury her under the dust? How ill they judge!"(1656). Therefore, a large number of Arab fathers buried their newly born daughters alive in order to escape their disgrace.

The Place of Women in Society After Islam

However, Hamada Abdul-Ate clearly explains that Islam has given women rights and privileges, which she has never enjoyed under other religious systems (www.unn.ac.uk). Firstly, it prohibited the practice of burying female child alive and restored the birth rights of women. Islam raised them to the status of being as worthy of human dignity as were men. Therefore, both men and women were regarded as equal in humanity. The Quran says "Allah created you from a single soul, and from the same soul created his mate". Similarly the Prophet Muhammed is reported to have said "All people are equal, as equal as the teeth of comb. There is no claim of merit of an Arab over a non-Arab or of white over a black person or of a male over a female. Only God fearing people merit a preference with God". It is clearly understood from these words that woman is recognized as a full and equal partner of man in the procreation of humankind by Islam. Both are essential for life. Women's role is not less vital than men's and they are equal to men in all essential rights and duties in Islam.

The rights and responsibilities of a woman are equal to a man but they are not necessarily identical with them. Equality and sameness are two quite different things. "This distinction between equality and sameness is of paramount importance. Equality is desirable, just, fair; but sameness is not. People are not created identical but they are created equals." (www.unn.ac.uk). Therefore, even though men and women are not identical, they are equal in the society of Islam and none of them is inferior to other.

Within the context of family ties, the legal status of Muslim women can be considered at different stages as a daughter, as a mother, as a sister and as a wife (Javad 1). Firstly, Islam stopped such cruelties and insisted on equal treatment between sons and daughters. The Prophet Muhammed urged parents not to make any differences between the children and to be kind to them, particularly young girls. He clearly indicates the status of female children in Islam by saying "If a daughter is born to a person and he brings her up, gives her a good education and trains her in the arts of life, I shall myself stand between him and hell fire" (Javad 1). Furthermore, women have great respect and affection as a mother. The Quran advises Muslims to show love and consideration to the parents particularly to the mothers. Prophet Muhammed states the value of motherhood with these words "The heaven lies under the mothers' feet". Moreover, the Prophet Muhammed emphasizes the value of women in Islam as a wife that "The best of you are they who behave best to their wives". Besides the Prophet Muhammed was a good example as the model husband who treated his wives with great love, compassion and consideration.

Islam and Women's Education

One of the most important rights granted to women by Islam is the right to education. Islam strongly encourages the education of women both in religious and social areas. Knowledge and education are highly emphasized in Islam. Both are indivisible parts of Islamic religion and learning is an unending process according the Quran. As Javad says "The Quran is full of verses which praise learned people, encourage original thinking and personal investigation and denounce unimaginative imitation (16). It also emphasizes the importance of the study of nature and its laws. It is a fact that the first verse of the Quran was a command to the Prophet Muhammed to read (Iqra). It is obvious that here he was introduced to learn, to study and to understand the God and the universe. Similarly the other Quranic verses which advocate knowledge and learning are "Allah will raise to high ranks those that have faith and knowledge among you. He is cognizant of all your actions" (58), "Are the wise and ignorant equal?" (). The Prophet Muhammed also emphasized the importance of knowledge to his followers and encouraged to seek it by saying "Search for knowledge though it is in China", "Seek knowledge from the cradle to the grave". In conclusion, When Islam enjoins the seeking of knowledge upon Muslims it makes no distinction between man and woman.

There is no priority for men over women in relation to the right to education. Both are equally encouraged to acquire education from the cradle to the grave. Indeed all the Quranic verses which are related to education and knowledge were directed to both men and women. Neither the Quran nor the Prophet Muhammed prohibit or prevent women from seeking knowledge and having an education. Hence, the Prophet Muhammed introduced his followers to educate the women in any position in the society by saying "A man who educates his slave girl, frees her and then marriages her, this man will have a double reward". Also there is no limitation of women's education in Islam. They are allowed to learn all the branches of science and also are free to choose any field of knowledge which interests them.

Women and Marriage in Islam

Marriage is undoubtedly one of the most important institutions of human society. Islam assigns great importance to marriage. As Javad clarify in his book, the Quran clearly indicates that the real and natural way to gain peace and satisfaction in life is through a husband-wife relationship (0). In fact it is extremely recommended on religious, moral and social grounds. Islam views marriage to be benefit to both the individual and the society. Moreover, fulfilling one's sexual desire is another important aspect of marriage. It helps to control sexual passion and direct it in the right direction according to the Islam. It protects the people against adultery and fornication which both are forbidden in Islam. In addition, it provides an opportunity to develop oneself in a good way as the result of the family responsibility.

In his book "Status of Women in Islam" Qamaruddin Khan explains that polygamy means having more than one wife at the same time. Before Islam, it was widely practiced in the world and regarded as a symbol of male virility, power and domination (16). The practice of polygamy in Islam continues to be one of the most controversial subjects concerning women and Islam. Javad says that "Misconceptions about this traditional Islamic institution are widespread and it is vigorously condemned by non-Muslims (4). Moreover, it is claimed that Islam has introduced and encouraged the practice of polygamy which is therefore portrayed as confined to Muslims only. Before Islam, polygamy was a well-known practice without any limitation among most ancient nations. For instance, in pre-Islamic Arabia, a man was allowed to marry an unlimited number of wives without any restrictions.

However, it is a fact that Islam limited the number of wives to four (under certain conditions) and introduced monogamy as an ideal form of marriage. Moreover, Islam prohibited some forms of polygamy which were prevalent in Arabia such as marrying to sisters at the same time or a woman and her aunt, etc.

On the other hand polygamy is allowed only if there is no worry about the issue of injustice towards the wives, and it is forbidden if the husband doubts his ability to deal with them justly (Javad 45). It is obvious that a man in Islam can not have more than one wife if he has not the ability to achieve absolute justice towards his wives. Quran recommends "if you fear that you will not do justice, then marry only one" (Muhsin 15). The Quran is clearly explaining that if there is fear of injustice, a man has to marry one wife. This constitutes a moral and religious limitation of polygamy.

Polygamy is permitted under exceptional conditions. For instance, one of the conditions is the desire of man to have children if his wife is unable to give birth. It is known by everyone that one of the aims of marrying is having children. In societies which don't give permission to polygamy, the solution of the problem when women have an illness which prevents them from giving birth depends on divorcing her and marrying another woman. In fact, instead of divorcing barren women, marrying a second woman is regarded as more humane and moral for the first wife and for the society. In this situation, polygamy is more acceptable and beneficial for women than divorcing for another woman. Another situation is a social necessity when women outnumber men as the result of war. In fact the verse of Quran which permits polygamy is revealed to the Prophet Muhammed after the battle of Ohud which many Muslim men were killed. Another example is that during the II. World War, Germany lost 7 million people. German sociologist tried to solve the problem of widows because their number reached a dangerous limit after the war. One of the solutions that were considered for this problem was giving legal permission for polygamy. In this condition, polygamy was considered to solve the problems of people.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Islam has granted the women broad social, political and economic rights, education and training rights and work opportunity rights contrary to all misconceptions. Islam should be viewed as a religion that had immensely improved the status of women and had granted them many rights fourteen years ago that the modern world has recognized only this century. Additionally as Farqi expresses "Islam still has so much to offer todays woman dignity, respect and protection in all aspects and all stages of her life from birth until death in addition to the recognition, the balance, and means for the fulfillment of all her spiritual, intellectual, physical, and emotional needs" (6).

Ambassador Herman Eilts, in a testimony in front of the committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives of the United States Congress on June 4th, 185, said, The Muslim community of the globe today is in the neighborhood of one billion. That is an impressive figure. But what to me is equally impressive is that Islam today is the fastest growing monotheistic religion. This is something we have to take into account. Something is right about Islam. It is attracting a good many people. (www.unn.ac.uk). Yes, something is right about Islam and it is time to find that out.

References

Baveja, Malik Ram. Women in Islam. New York Advent Books, 181

Farki, Lamya. Women, Muslim Society, and Islam. USA American Trust Publications.11

Haifaa, A. Javad. The Rights of Women in Islam. USA St. Martin's Press, Inc. 18

Hammuda, Abdul-Ati. The Status of Woman in Islam. http//www.unn.ac.uk /societies

/islamic/women/status1.htm.

Huges, Sarah Shaver & Huges, Brady. Women in World History. London M. E. Sharpe.

15.

Khan, Qamaruddin. Status of Women in Islam. India Sterling Publishers Private Ltd. 10

Muhsin, Amina Wadud. Quran and Woman. Malasia Percetakan Direct Art Sdn. 1

Sherif, Muhammed. Book rewiev of a Landmark Book on Status of Women in Religions.

http//www.unn.ac.uk/societies/islamic/women/jcepilog.htm

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Accounting - Small Business

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VCE Accounting Unit 1

Starting a small business

By Wendy Zhou

1. Define a small business.Order custom research paper on Accounting - Small Business

A small business is a usually owned by one or two owner, these owner manage and controls the business. The business usually consists of 0 or less employees.

. What is the difference between a sole trader and a partnership? What are two advantages and two disadvantages of a sole trader and a partnership?

Sole trader is a business owned by the one owner whereas a partnership is where two or more owners own the business and the share is spread among the owners. The advantages of a partnership includes a greater amount of money being used while can help them to increase the quality of services and goods. The flexibility of having one owner and therefore it gives the other owners the chance to take time off, so that he or she won't have to worry about his or her business as there are other owner helping to look after the business, also the workload is spread.

Some disadvantages included unlimited liabilities, which can cause company failure. Many disagreements concerning the running of the business.

The advantages of sole trader included the ability to make your own decisions and therefore giving you all the control and decision-making. This also limits the liabilities. Disadvantages includes the huge amount of responsibilities which the owner holds this enable the owner to have too much flexibility.

. Expert PC Repairs Pty Ltd is a local small business that repairs computers. What do the letters Pty Ltd tell you about the business? What are two advantages and two disadvantages of starting your small business as a company?

The letter Pty Ltd stands for Proprietary Limited, this means that the business is a private company. Starting a small business have many advantages and disadvantages. Some advantages included having full control of the company with mean that your are able to make your own decisions without having to go through the whole process of having to go though lots of people before making the decision. It is also easier to start with a much lower cost. Disadvantages includes the lack of skills and experiences, a risk of failure as ypou have no idea if the business will be successful.

4. What is a service business? List three examples of small service businesses that you know.

A service business is where you pay and in exchange they provide you with business. Some examples of service business includes hair dressers, lawyers and electricians.

5. What is a trading business? List three examples of small trading businesses that you know.

A trading business is where you pay money in exchange you receive goods.

Some example of small trading business includes, milk bars, clothing shops and florist.

6. What is an e-commerce business? List three examples of e-commerce businesses that you know.

An e-commerce business is where the trading is done on the internet where you pay by card and receive good. Some examples includes, Amazon.com, CDS and DVDs, also Danoz Direct.

7. Check your knowledge service and trading businesses.

Trading DVDs for sale on the internet, butcher, video rental, newsagent, bakery, school canteen, milk bars, mobile phone dealer, book shop.

Service lawyer, dentist, cleaning business, local bus company, gardener, doctor, tutoring, sporting coach.

8. What does starting a business from scratch mean? In your own words explain a different advantage and disadvantage.

Starting a business from scratch means that you start off from nothing, you can develop the business the way you are able to develop your own image and reputation.

Advantages includes having the ability to start the business at your own pace as well, you're also free to develop your own image as well as reputation.

Disadvantages are the capability of a business failure and you have no idea if this business is going to succeed.

. What does buying an existing business mean? In your own words explain a different advantage and disadvantage.

Buying a existing business means buying a business which someone else had previously owned ran.

Some advantages includes having the business in a good location as well you're able to know how successful the business have being.

However having this could also be a disadvantage as the old customers don't really know you and are not sure if they should continue with the business. Sometimes this business may also have a bad reputation which may cause limited customers as they don't know what you're like when running a business.

10. What does buying a franchise business mean? In your own words explain a different advantage and disadvantage.

Buying a franchise means that your buying business's name as well as they method of doing things and also their reputation and images.

Advantage of a franchise business includes the image the business has already set to the market and is very successful. Not only did you pay for the business you also pay for advertisement, which means you don't have to worry about having to plan your own ads.

Disadvantage is not having the rights to change what you sell and the way you do business.

11. What do you think are the main advantages of buying a McDonalds franchise?

The advantages of buying a McDonalds business are the fame which McDonalds restaurants have already spread around the world everyone knows McDonalds therefore you don't have to worry about your business not succeeding due to the limited amount of people knowing what you are. By buying the McDonalds franchise you're eligible to all the ads and promotion for the company.

1. What do you think are the main advantages of buying a Video Ezy franchise?

Buying a Video Ezy franchise allows you to have your own territory, which means that you're the only one of the kind in this area, this will bring better business.

1. What are the benefits of owning a video rental business that you

Start from scratch You are free to develop your own idea and management.

Bought as an existing business It's in a good location as well as knowing that the business is should be successful.

Bought as a franchise Having your own territory set for you in that area. All the ads are done for you.

14. Check your knowledge so far Jim's Mowing

What are the two advantages and disadvantages of buying a Jim's mowing franchise?

Advantages A well-known business, which gives you, the advantage of knowing that this business has very good chance of doing well. Also Jim's mowing offers new businesses training so they can receive a good start.

Disadvantages Not having the ability to sell the products that you want to sell and must depend on the what the business.

15. Why would you want to start your business on the Internet?

Starting a business on the net can bring your many advantages includes the ability to advertise the business online, this helps to spread the information of your business everywhere. Not only that the cost of managing the business is also cheaper than that of other sorts of advertisements.

16. What at steps do you need to take to set up your e-commerce business?

To set up the e-commerce business first plan your business, than register a domain name, which gives you the URL of your site, chose an online service provider, set up credit card arrangements with a bank; design and publish a website and finally you must meet Australian e-commerce standards.

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Similarities and Differences Between the US and Senegal

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Similarities and Differences Between the US and Senegal

Moving from Senegal to the US has been a big adjustment for me.

Sometimes I used to think that the US must be like a paradise.

Once I got to the US, I started to think differently, but underneath there areCheap Custom Essays on Similarities and Differences Between the US and Senegal

basic similarities. One can see both surface similarities and the underlying

differences by examining the demographics, the economy, and the religion

of the two countries.

The US and Senegal have a lot of similarities in the areas of

demography , economics, and religion. Demographically, the US is in many

ways divided along lines of ethnic origin. Even though Senegal has not

had the diverse immigration of the US, it is ethnically divided along tribal

lines. In fact, tribal divisions are so deep that different communities even

use different languages. In the economy, too, there are basic similarities. In

Senegal, as in the US, most of the productive resources, whether agricultural

or industrial, belong to a small minority of the population and most of the

people work for a wage. The countries have some similarities in religion as

well. Whether they call him God or Allah, most people in both

countries believe strongly in God and take their relationship with him very

seriously. The US and Senegal are very similar in many way.

On the surface, the demography, economy, and religion of the two

countries appear very different. Demographically, Senegal is more homogenous

than the US. The American population is descended from people from every

country in the world. In contrast most people in Senegal are descended

from people who arrived there in ancient time. The differences are also

apparent in the economy. Most Senegalese are employed in agriculture, but

in the US, agriculture is only one minor branch of a very diverse economy.

The US is also much less homogenous religiously. Ninety per cent of

Senegalese are Sunni Muslims. The US, however, has hundreds of different

Religions, and it is a rare coincidence when next-door neighbors attend the

same church. The US and Senegal are very different in some respects.

In conclusion, the US and Senegal are not so different after all, in

the three areas of demography, economy, and religion. The US is a better place

to live.

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Plato The Republic

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Platos biography is mainly drawn from the work of other ancient writers and a few of Platos own letters. He was born in Athens around 48 BC to an aristocratic family with a long and esteemed history of political leadership in the state. According to an anecdote of dubious veracity, Plato was originally named Aristocles, but was quickly dubbed, Platon, meaning broad, by schoolmates impressed with his broad shoulders--shoulders that would one day burden themselves with the foundational weight of Western thought. Platos father, Ariston, descended from the early kings of Athens, and his mother, Perictone, from a distinguished line that included 6th Century BC legislator Solon. Platos father died when Plato was a young child; his mother, unable to support Plato, his two older brothers Adeimantus and Glaucon, and his young sister Potone on her own, remarried to Pyrilampes, an associate of the statesman Pericles.

Plato had political ambitions as a young man and appeared destined to continue in the family tradition. His disillusionment with Athenian politics, however, was inevitable. Both the Empire and its politics had begun to decline since the onset of the Peloponnesian War several years before Platos birth. Outside the political sphere, Plato enjoyed success in athletics, winning the Isthmian wrestling competition, and wrote various forms of poetry and drama. Aristotle reports that during his youth, Plato also became familiar with the teachings of Cratylus, a student of Heraclitus, and other Presocratic thinkers, such as Pythagoras and Parmenides, providing the young philosopher with a worthy introduction to the foundations of Greek metaphysics and epistemology. At about this time, Plato came to know the man who, because of his uncouth habits and intellectual unorthodoxy, was already an infamous figure in the city of Athens. Plato probably met Socrates around 40 through close relatives Critias (Platos mothers uncle) and Charmides (his mothers brother), who were friends with Socrates. Plato immediately became his devoted follower and a dedicated student of philosophy.

Socrates has been credited with teaching Plato basic philosophy along with his dialectic style of debate, in which the truth is elucidated through a series of questions and answers. It is also thought that Socrates directed his disciples inquiries toward the question of virtue and how it manifested itself into the nobility of human character. If there is a broader context under which Platos philosophy developed, eventually unifying to some extent metaphysics, epistemology, aesthetics, politics, and ethics, it is the pursuit of virtue.

Following the end of the Peloponnesian war, an oligarchic tyranny, called the Thirty Tyrants, ruled Athens for eight months from 404-40. Critias and Charmides, members of the regime that seized the estates of wealthy citizens and resident aliens and executed numerous others, invited Plato to join them. The junta, however, had dissolved as a result of civil war before Plato could decide. But the Thirty also tried to enlist Socrates by ordering him to arrest Leon of Salamis. Although Socrates refused to comply--escaping punishment only because the Thirty were promptly replaced by a new and radical democracy‹he nonetheless gained a reputation for anti-democratic beliefs. In Plato witnessed the trial and execution of Socrates at the hands of the restored Athenian democracy, under charges of corrupting the youth, introducing new gods to the city, atheism, and unusual religious practices. The trial, later memorialized in the dialogue, Apology, culminated the most important sequence of events in Platos early life. Soon after a thoroughly jaded Plato, justifiably fearing for his own safety, left Athens, abandoning his political career and a state he was no longer able serve. During the next twelve years Plato traveled widely around the Mediterranean, visiting Italy, Sicily, and Egypt, searching out the philosophers, the priests and prophets of other foreign lands with whom Plato reportedly studied religion, geometry, and astronomy. He was also, at this time, composing his first group of dialogues, generally know as the Socratic dialogues, because of their more direct debt to Platos mentor, including Apology, The Crito, Charmides, Euthyphro, Laches, Lysis, Hippias Minor and Major, Gorgias, Ion, and Protagoras.

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College essay

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Alexander Niedziela

Helping others has always been a passion of mine. I started off by shoveling the sidewalks for the elderly by my house. I would start shoveling early in the morning so when they woke up their property would be clean. I also volunteered at my local bowling alley, which would have a program called "A Day In June", an event when the bowling alley would close its doors to the public and open them to A.H.R.C., a foundation who takes care or mentally handicapped people. The bowling alley was so generous that they let all people of A.H.R.C. bowl for free. Another area where I helped out was the Fort Totten Museum. One day my father and I were walking through the base and found out that there was a museum. The museum seemed run down and that's when I asked the museum's coordinator, 8 year old Korean War Veteran Jack Fein if he wanted some help on the weekends. And so I went every other weekend oiling guns and some other chores that made Jack Fein's life a little easier.

Helping others did not diminish any time that I would spend with my schoolwork and friends. In some ways helping others has brought me back into shape, and opened me up to my country's history. I have listened to some of my peers and I have heard them say that they have no time to help others because they lose time with their friends and/or work. I have not found this to be true, whenever I have volunteered my time to help others it has never depleted time spent with my friends or more importantly, time spent on schoolwork.

Even though I have volunteered a lot of my time, I do have jobs that I get paid for. I work for the Carle Place Union Free School district in the Audio Visual Department. I maintain the audiovisual equipment, but I also operate the photocopy machine that the school uses to photocopy lessons, articles, signs, student guides and district booklets. I work after school until five o'clock, Monday through Friday. Then on the weekends during the summer, I work for my neighbor's company, Island Jumps. The company is an amusement rental company, which rents out moon bouncers, a giant blow up slide, giant basketball, and popcorn and cotton candy machines. I also have just put my application to the Carle Place Hook, Ladder and Hose Co.1. I have been a junior firefighter for two years and now my dream will come true in May. The department is a volunteer department, so there is no compensation whatsoever.

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I plan to go into the Army reserves either during or after college, and go for helicopter training. After I get my qualifications as a pilot I hope to join either Nassau County or Suffolk County Police Departments to fly their helicopters. I will stay with the Fire Department and the reserves.

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The Three Hearts if Darkness

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Throughout the novel Conrad uses the motif of the heart to thoroughly explain how dark people and places really can be. Conrad uses the heart as a symbol for the entire continent of Africa. The heart is also used to show what the heart of mankind truly is. Another use of the heart is as a representation of the inner station, which shows the darkness of exploitations through Kurtz. The different uses of the heart are amplified through such literary devices as irony, imagery, and metaphors.

Africa, according to most maps, is at the center of the world just as a heart is the center of the body. However, the Europeans did not know much about Africa. There was a blank spot on the map that kept Africa dark and hidden from people. Marlow decides to go to the heart of the world to explore the Dark Continent. Conrad shows just how dark and mysterious Africa is by using metaphors to describe parts of the continent; He refers to the Congo River as an "uncoiled snake". This type of metaphor creates great imagery and lets the reader know just how dark and dangerous Africa really is. Africa is also considered dark because everything that Marlow encounters here is considered evil. He sees great darkness in the exploitation of the native.

The darkness of Africa directly ties into the heart of mankind. The white people that go to Africa to exploit the native show how cruel and evil men are when they receive benefits for their doings. Conrad uses vivid imagery to paint a picture to convey just how bad conditions are on the natives. Marlow says, "They were dying slowly- it was very clear. They were not enemies, they were not criminals, they were nothing earthly now- nothing but black shadows of disease, starvation, lying confusedly in the greenish gloom" (6). This passage depicts the conditions of the slaves; the one's who were victims of man's evil and darkness. Despite how bad things were for the natives, the Europeans felt no sympathy for them and this is the same for the rest of mankind, according to Conrad. The accountant is a perfect example of how the rich felt towards the poor. He once says, "The groans of this sick person distract my attention. And without that it is extremely difficult to guard against clerical errors in this climate" (). This comment is indicative of the heart of mankind. Mankind shows no sympathy for others when its own comfort is in danger.

The inner station represents the third use of "the heart" in the story. Marlow starts his journey at the outer station and slowly makes his way towards the inner station. As Marlow travels more and more the evil that he encounters gradually increases. At the outer station he first meet the manager who has traces of evil. However, once Marlow reaches Kurtz he finally realizes how dark it is at the heart of darkness. The way that Kurtz exploits the natives is appalling to Marlow. Not only does Kurtz physically exploit the natives but also he does the same thing emotionally. Kurtz has so much control over the natives that even the chiefs bow down to Kurtz. Kurtz single handedly disrupts the natives' lives. He lets his desire for ivory come first over the culture and traditions of the natives. The darkness in Kurtz causes the natives to treat him like a God. He has complete power over what is not truly his. The dark role that Kurtz plays is similar to that of the devil. One piece of irony in Kurtz is at his deathbed when he cries, "Horror, horror." These worlds briefly describe the conditions of Africa and the inner station. This is ironic because Kurtz is the person that is creating this "horror". Kurtz shows the reader how the heart of darkness is definitely present in the inner station.Order Custom The Three Hearts if Darkness paper

The heart of darkness has several different meanings. Conrad uses several different things to represent the heart. However, in every case the heart is shown to be evil and dark. Conrad's argument is quite effective considering that he does not have one thing or person represent the heart. Instead he uses the heart as a symbol for many different things. Conrad uses imagery to make the darkness of the heart that much more evil. The literary devices uses, such as metaphors, point of view, and irony were equally effective in displaying the heart of darkness. After reading Conrad's work it is evident that there are many hearts of darkness in the world.

Please note that this sample paper on The Three Hearts if Darkness is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on The Three Hearts if Darkness, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on The Three Hearts if Darkness will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Columbine is Terrorism

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In the post /11 era just about everyone in the world has heard the word terrorism. But what is terrorism exactly? By definition terrorism is to coerce by use of terror, but this definition is far too broad. Scare tactics are used all the time. Teachers often use them to encourage their students to study but this does not make them a terrorist. Terrorism is better defined as the illegal use of deadly force to instill fear in a population and its government to further political and social ideals. For an act to be considered terrorism it must meet all of these criteria. The shootings at Columbine High School are a good example of terrorism. The attack was very violent, was on a large scale, and had a social agenda.

Terrorism is intended to create fear in the targeted population. To do this terrorists use deadly force to attack their victims. In order to be considered terrorism an act must use a great deal of force. A suicide bomber is considered terrorism because the amount of destruction the bomb does. However a shooting is very rarely deemed terrorism because of the lack of extreme levels of force. Terrorists look to do the most damage possible to create the greatest amount of hysteria. Take the two attacks on the World Trade Center for example. "An explosion below the World Trade Center plaza in New York City on February 6, 1, killed six workers, and resulted in injuries to over 1,000 occupants as they made their way out of the affected buildings." (Human). On September 11th, 001 two jumbo jets were flown into the towers creating huge explosions that ultimately collapsed the buildings. The attacks of /11 created a great deal of fear in our country as well as the rest of the world. While both of these attacks are certainly acts of terrorism the one using the greater force was by far the most effective.

The Columbine High School shootings were by far the most violent attack on school to date. On April 0, 1 at 110 a.m. two students, Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold began bombing the school and firing upon the other students. This event fits the criteria of terrorism because of the violence and the amount of deadly force used in the attack. The two terrorists used many various weapons from guns, to knives, to propane tanks and pipe bombs. "Between 1114 a.m. and 11 a.m. Harris and Klebold leave their cars and walk into the school's cafeteria, carrying two large duffel bags containing enough explosive power to kill the majority of the students who soon would be arriving for "A" lunch." (Sheriff). The two students rigged explosive devices throughout the school. As well as the bombs placed in the cafeteria they threw explosives off the roof and had placed bombs in their cars as well. Thankfully the bombs placed in the cafeteria and in the cars failed to detonate. The two gunmen after planting the bombs went around the school freely opening fire on other students. The two terrorists from a variety of different guns fired all in all almost 00 rounds. After it was all over, 15 people had died including the terrorists themselves however, had the bombs all gone off the death toll would have surely been in the hundreds. This attack used a great deal of firepower and was intended to kill many more people than it did. This extreme use of deadly force qualifies this as a terrorist attack.

To create the hysteria terrorists desire terrorism must be on a large scale. Terrorism must be directed at a population, John F. Kennedy was assassinated on national television, and while very violent and tragic this was not an act of terrorism. The act was intended to kill one man not to frighten a nation. No single act fits the definition of terrorism better than the attacks of September 11th. The attacks killed thousands of innocent people on live television. The attacks weren't directed at specific people inside the building, they were intended to create the most devastation possible. In order for an act to meet the criteria for terrorism it must be directed towards a whole population. This creates a feeling of I could be next in the public.Order Custom Essay on Columbine is Terrorism

In order to be considered terrorism an act has to be on a large scale. The Columbine shooting fits this criterion because it was an attack on the whole school. The two gunmen did not go after a small group of people rather they tried to kill hundreds of their fellow schoolmates. About an hour into the attack national media coverage had already begun.

By 11 a.m., local media had contacted dispatch asking for information about the shootings; by 114 a.m., the first national news organization had called. Soon news helicopters were flying over the school, and other media figuresincluding Jay Leno and Larry Kingwere calling to request interviews with responding officers and Sheriff Stone. (Sheriff)

This national media coverage coupled with the fear of such things happening in other schools created a national hysteria. The attacks created a sentiment of who's next in the nation leading many to believe more attacks would follow by those trying to emulate Harris and Klebold. The large-scale hysteria caused by these attacks qualifies the event as a terrorist attack.

Finally to be terrorism the act must have a political or social agenda. Terrorism in the middle 100's was directed to scare opponents and draw people to their side. Now it seems to further their objectives terrorist try to destroy those whom they deem as enemies. "In the 170s, David Son of Sam Berkowitz terrorized New York City by shooting young couples, but he was never considered a terrorist because the shootings were not committed in pursuit of a political goal." (Stern). If we look at one of the biggest terrorist attacks against the United States the Oklahoma City bombings we see they had a political agenda. Both attacks were on symbols of American government and way of life by people who oppose our social and political views. So in order to be considered terrorism an act must have a social or political cause it is trying to accomplish through the use of terror.

In order for an act to be considered terrorism it must have a social or political agenda. Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold had a social agenda. They set off to school that morning to kill the people they claimed were conspiring against them. The two students felt themselves as outcasts in their school and decided to lash out at the population. Harris wrote in one journal that their actions were "a two man war against everyone else." (Sheriff). The two gunmen were striking back against those who ridiculed them and people like them. Many reports stated the two walked the school searching for those they deemed as "jocks" and "preps." One student named Cassie Bernall was shot and killed after answering yes when the gunmen asked if she believed in God. The two terrorists while attempting to kill as many people as possible targeted social groups they did not like. This social agenda deems this act as terrorism.

Finally, as a country we have a stereotype about what a terrorist attack is. We tend to think that a terrorist attack is something done by an Arab person against our country, but this is not true. The Columbine attacks fit all the criteria for a terrorist attack. The attack was violent and used deadly force, the act was on a large scale, and the terrorists had a social agenda for their actions. Therefore the shootings at Columbine on April 0th, 1 were in fact a terrorist attack

Please note that this sample paper on Columbine is Terrorism is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Columbine is Terrorism, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Columbine is Terrorism will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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