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Tuesday, March 23, 2021

Analyzing In The Wake Of 9/11

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On September 11th, 001 as I looked up at the television set broadcasting the collapse of the World Trade Center I was filled with confusion. As I sat in my English class all eyes were glued to the television, as we watched replays of the planes crashing and the buildings imploding. We had been attacked. My first reaction was of disbelief, no way did terrorists destroy the World Trade Center and attack the Pentagon it just wasn't feasible. Two of the proudest symbols of our might and way life had been attacked and destroyed. In their book "In The Wake Of /11 The Psychology of Terror" Pyszczynski, Solomon, and Greenberg claim that the events of September 11th "hit us with a one-two punch of mortality salience coupled with a major attack on our cultural anxiety buffer" (Pyszczynski ). This is a very strong argument because the claim is clear, the grounds are excellent, and the conditions of rebuttal are well developed.


Pyszczynski et al's argument is strong because it begins with a solid claim. Pyszczynski et al begin the body of the chapter by immediately stating their claim, "the /11 terrorist attack hit us with a one-two punch of morality salience coupled with a major attack on our cultural anxiety buffer" (). Opening with a strong statement like this, the authors let us know from the very beginning where they stand. The text states the claim throughout the chapter, reassuring the reader of the author's intentions. Their sufficient grounds further solidify Pyszczynski et al's claim.


Pyszczynski et al's grounds are strong and thorough. Pyszczynski et al use many respected studies, psychological theories, and the principles of TMT to back their claim. Pyszczynski et al state that the "one two punch" was a literal and psychological blow upon us. Pyszczynski et al recall a study in which it is stated "0% of Americans either knew someone or knew someone who knew someone that was missing, hurt, or killed by the terrorist attacks on /11" (4). This large degree of personal association with death caused people to feel very vulnerable. The authors quote two citizens that noticed significant increases in business immediately following /11 stating that gun sales and the drafting of wills went up dramatically. In the language of TMT these increases were results of a heightened sense of death accessibility as a result of the "one-two punch of morality salience coupled with a major attack on our cultural anxiety buffer" (). Therefore citizens reacted by purchasing guns in an effort to feel more secure and drafted wills to feel as thought their family would be taken care of in case of the worst. The authors point out that Bible sales increased 45%, religious internet sites experienced a 50% increase in traffic and the massive increases in displays of patriotism were all in efforts to repair our cultural anxiety buffer (101). These observations strengthen the authors' claim because they follow along with the principles of TMT and are common behavior among people who have undergone the type of emotional strain the authors claim Americans did. Pyszczynski et al observe that many people reacted with violence and anger towards those deemed threatening whether it was justified or not. Pyszczynski et al state "Sometimes the fear, anger, and desperate need for understanding resulting from heightened accessibility of death thoughts are directed toward those with no obvious similarities to the perpetrators of the attacks. Recall that research has demonstrated that mortality salience produces especially punitive reactions to moral transgressions" (105). After /11 the United States looked for people to honor after the tragedy. Pyszczynski et al state that this need for heroes was an effort to repair the damage done to our cultural anxiety buffer as a result of /11. The text states "mortality salience leads people to view positive social actions as more desirable" meaning faced with ideas of death, as a people we reach for our ideals and virtues to give us comfort (10). Pyszczynski et al produce evidence of studies that link this type of behavior, the opposition of those different and embracing the ones viewed as friends to TMT, which again strengthens their claim. Pyszczynski et al support their claim with studies and observations as grounds to strengthen their argument. The argument is effective because of these solid grounds.


Pyszczynski et al's argument is very strong despite lacking conditions of rebuttal. Their claim that terrorist attacks "hit us with a one-two punch of mortality salience coupled with a major attack on our cultural anxiety buffer" is very well established (). The authors spend chapters 1-4 explaining and arguing TMT and by now assume the reader accepts their theories. All of the evidence the authors present from many different studies makes it a very sound argument and difficult to oppose. The intended audience being the American public witnessed first hand how the country responded to the attacks and can see that the conclusions Pyszczynski et al draw are correct. The argument is not weakened for lack of conditions of rebuttal due to its strong claim and extensive grounds.


Custom Essays on Analyzing In The Wake Of 9/11


In conclusion, America has bounced back. We have continued on with our lives and are now stronger and better for the events of September 11th. We have learned to set aside the fear and move perpetually forward in effort to show the terrorists that we will never be broken. Pyszczynski's argument is very effective. /11 did deliver a "one two punch" to our sense of security, but as TMT states fear is managed by our sense and maintenance of our culture. This is why we must always continue with the American way of life. Nothing can repair the damage to our cultural anxiety buffer and mortality salience quite like resuming our way of life and fighting harder for it.


Please note that this sample paper on Analyzing In The Wake Of 9/11 is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Analyzing In The Wake Of 9/11, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Analyzing In The Wake Of 9/11 will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.


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Monday, March 22, 2021

Organizational behaviour

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Output devices Bit-mapped displays and Video RAM Bit-mapped display map video RAM onto the VDU, the number of pixels determines the resolution and the number of bits per pixel determines the dimensions of the color. Typically 8-bits are pretty good. But the c


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Communication Skills - Revised


4 questions, 15-0 min Buy cheap organizational behaviour term paper


Number of credits required Question type


Self-assessment


What it measures


How well you communicate in different types of situations, and what habits you may have that are barriers to effective communication. Suggest specific changes you can make to improve your communication, listening, assertiveness and management of emotions.


What you get


Introduction to Communication


Overall communication score.


Subscores


Listening skills.


Ability to get the message across.


Insight to the communication process


Emotional management in the communication process


Assertive communication


Communication Barriers


Advice steps to improving your communication skills in different areas of your life.


Application


Popular for HR testing, personal interest, counseling and therapy purposes.


Validation study


Sample size 7,600


Statistics performed


Descriptive stats and reference values/norms; correlations with various factors; reliability (Spearman-Brown split-half, Guttman split-half, Cronbach alpha), criterion-related validity (concurrent validity, method of contrasted groups); construct-related validity (internal consistency, inter-correlations of subtests, factor analysis, convergent and discriminant validity)


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Communication Skills - Revised


4 questions, 15-0 min


Number of credits required Question type


Self-assessment


What it measures


How well you communicate in different types of situations, and what habits you may have that are barriers to effective communication. Suggest specific changes you can make to improve your communication, listening, assertiveness and management of emotions.


What you get


Introduction to Communication


Overall communication score.


Subscores


Listening skills.


Ability to get the message across.


Insight to the communication process


Emotional management in the communication process


Assertive communication


Communication Barriers


Advice steps to improving your communication skills in different areas of your life.


Application


Popular for HR testing, personal interest, counseling and therapy purposes.


Validation study


Sample size 7,600


Statistics performed


Descriptive stats and reference values/norms; correlations with various factors; reliability (Spearman-Brown split-half, Guttman split-half, Cronbach alpha), criterion-related validity (concurrent validity, method of contrasted groups); construct-related validity (internal consistency, inter-correlations of subtests, factor analysis, convergent and discriminant validity)


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Communication Skills - Revised


4 questions, 15-0 min


Number of credits required Question type


Self-assessment


What it measures


How well you communicate in different types of situations, and what habits you may have that are barriers to effective communication. Suggest specific changes you can make to improve your communication, listening, assertiveness and management of emotions.


What you get


Introduction to Communication


Overall communication score.


Subscores


Listening skills.


Ability to get the message across.


Insight to the communication process


Emotional management in the communication process


Assertive communication


Communication Barriers


Advice steps to improving your communication skills in different areas of your life.


Application


Popular for HR testing, personal interest, counseling and therapy purposes.


Validation study


Sample size 7,600


Statistics performed


Descriptive stats and reference values/norms; correlations with various factors; reliability (Spearman-Brown split-half, Guttman split-half, Cronbach alpha), criterion-related validity (concurrent validity, method of contrasted groups); construct-related validity (internal consistency, inter-correlations of subtests, factor analysis, convergent and discriminant validity)


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Communication Skills - Revised


4 questions, 15-0 min


Number of credits required Question type


Self-assessment


What it measures


How well you communicate in different types of situations, and what habits you may have that are barriers to effective communication. Suggest specific changes you can make to improve your communication, listening, assertiveness and management of emotions.


What you get


Introduction to Communication


Overall communication score.


Subscores


Listening skills.


Ability to get the message across.


Insight to the communication process


Emotional management in the communication process


Assertive communication


Communication Barriers


Advice steps to improving your communication skills in different areas of your life.


Application


Popular for HR testing, personal interest, counseling and therapy purposes.


Validation study


Sample size 7,600


Statistics performed


Descriptive stats and reference values/norms; correlations with various factors; reliability (Spearman-Brown split-half, Guttman split-half, Cronbach alpha), criterion-related validity (concurrent validity, method of contrasted groups); construct-related validity (internal consistency, inter-correlations of subtests, factor analysis, convergent and discriminant validity)


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Communication Skills - Revised


4 questions, 15-0 min


Number of credits required Question type


Self-assessment


What it measures


How well you communicate in different types of situations, and what habits you may have that are barriers to effective communication. Suggest specific changes you can make to improve your communication, listening, assertiveness and management of emotions.


What you get


Introduction to Communication


Overall communication score.


Subscores


Listening skills.


Ability to get the message across.


Insight to the communication process


Emotional management in the communication process


Assertive communication


Communication Barriers


Advice steps to improving your communication skills in different areas of your life.


Application


Popular for HR testing, personal interest, counseling and therapy purposes.


Validation study


Sample size 7,600


Statistics performed


Descriptive stats and reference values/norms; correlations with various factors; reliability (Spearman-Brown split-half, Guttman split-half, Cronbach alpha), criterion-related validity (concurrent validity, method of contrasted groups); construct-related validity (internal consistency, inter-correlations of subtests, factor analysis, convergent and discriminant validity)


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Communication Skills - Revised


4 questions, 15-0 min


Number of credits required Question type


Self-assessment


What it measures


How well you communicate in different types of situations, and what habits you may have that are barriers to effective communication. Suggest specific changes you can make to improve your communication, listening, assertiveness and management of emotions.


What you get


Introduction to Communication


Overall communication score.


Subscores


Listening skills.


Ability to get the message across.


Insight to the communication process


Emotional management in the communication process


Assertive communication


Communication Barriers


Advice steps to improving your communication skills in different areas of your life.


Application


Popular for HR testing, personal interest, counseling and therapy purposes.


Validation study


Sample size 7,600


Statistics performed


Descriptive stats and reference values/norms; correlations with various factors; reliability (Spearman-Brown split-half, Guttman split-half, Cronbach alpha), criterion-related validity (concurrent validity, method of contrasted groups); construct-related validity (internal consistency, inter-correlations of subtests, factor analysis, convergent and discriminant validity)


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Communication Skills - Revised


4 questions, 15-0 min


Number of credits required Question type


Self-assessment


What it measures


How well you communicate in different types of situations, and what habits you may have that are barriers to effective communication. Suggest specific changes you can make to improve your communication, listening, assertiveness and management of emotions.


What you get


Introduction to Communication


Overall communication score.


Subscores


Listening skills.


Ability to get the message across.


Insight to the communication process


Emotional management in the communication process


Assertive communication


Communication Barriers


Advice steps to improving your communication skills in different areas of your life.


Application


Popular for HR testing, personal interest, counseling and therapy purposes.


Validation study


Sample size 7,600


Statistics performed


Descriptive stats and reference values/norms; correlations with various factors; reliability (Spearman-Brown split-half, Guttman split-half, Cronbach alpha), criterion-related validity (concurrent validity, method of contrasted groups); construct-related validity (internal consistency, inter-correlations of subtests, factor analysis, convergent and discriminant validity)


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close this window


Communication Skills - Revised


4 questions, 15-0 min


Number of credits required Question type


Self-assessment


What it measures


How well you communicate in different types of situations, and what habits you may have that are barriers to effective communication. Suggest specific changes you can make to improve your communication, listening, assertiveness and management of emotions.


What you get


Introduction to Communication


Overall communication score.


Subscores


Listening skills.


Ability to get the message across.


Insight to the communication process


Emotional management in the communication process


Assertive communication


Communication Barriers


Advice steps to improving your communication skills in different areas of your life.


Application


Popular for HR testing, personal interest, counseling and therapy purposes.


Validation study


Sample size 7,600


Statistics performed


Descriptive stats and reference values/norms; correlations with various factors; reliability (Spearman-Brown split-half, Guttman split-half, Cronbach alpha), criterion-related validity (concurrent validity, method of contrasted groups); construct-related validity (internal consistency, inter-correlations of subtests, factor analysis, convergent and discriminant validity)


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Please note that this sample paper on organizational behaviour is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on organizational behaviour, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on organizational behaviour will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.


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Friday, March 19, 2021

Euthanasia

If you order your research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on euthanasia. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality euthanasia paper right on time.


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Persuasive Essay


Euthanasia


Euthanasia is a complex topic dealing with ending an individuals life. Before we can fully understand euthanasia we have to define 'life'. Do we see 'life' as the functioning of the body, or the brain? Or by 'life' do we mean the experiences of a human being? Euthanasia is most bluntly defined as the act of the doctor killing patient. Euthanasia can be defined in more detail as a sort of mercy killing in which a doctor assists in painlessly ending the life of a terminally ill patient out of mercy. Ultimately euthanasia is ethical and should be a legal practice for physicians.


Ethical is thought to mean conforming to accepted standards; however, is it ethical for a person who is terminally ill and experiencing unbearable pain to be forced to live through this suffering with no hope? The answer is obvious. Therefore, euthanasia is ethical. Suicide can be ethically justified if an individual has a terminal illness or a severe handicap either of which causes so much pain and torment that life is intolerable. The decision of ending ones life be made wisely. In all cases the individual should seek medical assistance before even considering taking their life. If you consider the meaning of ethical with religion, euthanasia remains ethical as God is understanding and does not want you to suffer.Order custom research paper on euthanasia


There will always be people who believe euthanasia is unethical. These people believe that life is valuable no matter what the quality of it. I wonder what their position would be if they were spending their life saving's to keep a loved one of their's barely breathing and in immense pain in a hospital bed with no hope of their condition ever improving. From a logistic point of view it is obvious that it makes no sense to have a human being have to experience intolerable pain with nothing to hope for except death when they could have their pain ended comfortably and quietly.


In opinion poles done across the United States, it was found that the majority of Americans want physicians to be legally enabled to assist terminally ill patients end their suffering. It can even be seen as inhuman to refuse such a plea for help. This in mind it would be beneficial for doctors to be able to participate in euthanasia legally rather than having to do it behind closed doors. Not only could this be dangerous, it could put the doctors at legal risk. Euthanasia should be a legal last resort in which a patient can turn to his or her doctor for.


Lastly, euthanasia should be legalized so that all terminally ill patients may have the right to resort to it if they choose so. Conditions which have been suggested for such a law if it were passed include that physician-assisted suicide be totally voluntary. This would mean that the request could only be made by the individual. This individual must also be a competent adult. This would put the patient in control, not the physician or the family. Another condition would be that it is only available to terminally ill patients. This means that the patient must have 6 months or less to live as pronounced by a medical professional. Simple conditions like these would allow for euthanasia to be legalized in our country.


People who disagree with euthanasia claim that it would harm society and put a lower value on human life. Euthanasia is not to be seen as an easy cure for any disease, it is simply a peaceful way for a patient to pass with o suffering. And for those that say euthanasia is barbaric, I would argue the fact that it is more barbaric to leave a person to suffer.


All said, euthanasia is ethical and should be a legal last resort that physicians can turn to help a terminally ill patient. What it all comes down to is that it is disgusting to leave a human being to suffer needlessly with no hope of their condition improving or ever being able to smile again.


Please note that this sample paper on euthanasia is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on euthanasia, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on euthanasia will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.


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Thursday, March 18, 2021

Mother Nature: Earthquake

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THE MOTHER NATURE


Beneath this beautiful surface of the world


Boiling lava


Phenomenon that are beyond the control of humanCustom Essays on Mother Nature: Earthquake


My House


Country with beautiful tradition


Color, birds singing , bright sun


Who Knew what nature had in Store for me


September 0th 1 , Sudden shaking of the earth


400a in the morning


A disaster for mankind took place


0,000 people all total


11,000 around killed


The LATUR Earthquake originated in Maharastra


Ruin the country


Intensity pick of 6.4 rector


Million of worth properties lost


"A morning never to be seen"


MY INCIDENT


Was sleeping


Was dreaming, if someone waking me for school


Dad grabbed my pulled my out of the bed and rushed me outside


Heard noises everywhere


People screaming


Crying


The shaky floor was making it more hard


I was still like as if in shock


All the people from my house gathered in the front lawn


Forgot the dogs in the dog house


I ad 4 dogs that time and new born


The cook and dad ran towards the back side of the house


Tree felt blocking the side walk


Dogs trapped but managed to get through the broken door


Jumped across the dent in the earth and slid under the tree


But one dog stayed back


"WHAT I WAS ABOUT TO EXPRECIENCE, WAS A


MIRACLE A MIRACLE THAT SHOWED ME THE


POWER OF METERNAL INSTINCTS ARE NOT ONLY


HUMAN'S PROPERTITY BUT BELONGS TO THE


MOTHERHOOD OF THE ENTIRE SPECIES THAT EXIST


IN THE WORLD."


Stood there watching


Broken tree


Crack on the earth


The mother grabbed one by one the babies with her mouth and started to throw them away from the dog house, which was falling apart due to the intense shaking


Last one never made it


Good looking dogs


Was a Mess


People crying all over


Nothing was working Phone, TV, Radio


Dad took off the very next day to visit relatives in the city.


days, electricity came back things stared working


Please note that this sample paper on Mother Nature: Earthquake is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Mother Nature: Earthquake, we are here to assist you. Your cheap college papers on Mother Nature: Earthquake will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.


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What is the difference between power, authority and influence? Identify some of the primary sources of power in organizations, giving practical examples. Briefly explain what you understand by the term political behavior and describe some of the factors t

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on What is the difference between power, authority and influence? Identify some of the primary sources of power in organizations, giving practical examples. Briefly explain what you understand by the term political behavior and describe some of the factors t. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality What is the difference between power, authority and influence? Identify some of the primary sources of power in organizations, giving practical examples. Briefly explain what you understand by the term political behavior and describe some of the factors t paper right on time.


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The difference between power, authority and influence? Identify some of the primary sources of power in organizations, giving practical examples. Briefly explain what you understand by the term political behavior and describe some of the factors that can contribute to organization politics.All organizations have an underlying structure, power distribution and culture. However as people are the main resources of all organization and each individual would have different distribution of power, authority and influence. In my essay, I would show the distribution between power, authority and influence leading to distribution of the political sources of power, which in turns can cause political behavior. Lastly I would also state the factors that would contribute to organizational politics.


It is important for us to define power and how it differs from authority and influence. According to Richard Daft, "Power is the potential ability to influence others' behavior" and it is also "The extent to which individuals are able to persuade, induce or coerce others into following course of actions" quoted by Johnson and Scholes. As for influence, according to Handy it is the "Use of power" and it is also the process through which the behavior of a person or a group is modified. Lastly, authority is the recognition of acceptance or someone's right to use power. It is important to note that we can have power without authority and one could also have great influence without authority. Therefore power, authority and influence are all individuals element and one could have the one of the element without the others.


Write my Essay on What is the difference between power, authority and influence? Identify some of the primary sources of power in organizations, giving practical examples. Briefly explain what you understand by the term political behavior and describe some of the factors t for me


Please note that this sample paper on What is the difference between power, authority and influence? Identify some of the primary sources of power in organizations, giving practical examples. Briefly explain what you understand by the term political behavior and describe some of the factors t is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on What is the difference between power, authority and influence? Identify some of the primary sources of power in organizations, giving practical examples. Briefly explain what you understand by the term political behavior and describe some of the factors t, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on What is the difference between power, authority and influence? Identify some of the primary sources of power in organizations, giving practical examples. Briefly explain what you understand by the term political behavior and describe some of the factors t will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.


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Tuesday, March 16, 2021

This essay peace.

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brought to task?" you ask. Democracy is about putting numbers on a piece of paper every four years. We are given a choice all right, but between parties who all agree with the system of a tiny minority ruling the country. So, is it possible for anarchy to exist? At the moment capitalism would collapse without the support of the working class. We make everything, we produce all the wealth. The sad thing is, most of the working class does believe America is being run in our interests. So, my answer is no; I don't think anarchy will ever come to beAnarchy


Anarchism seems to be defined many ways by many different sources. Most dictionary definitions define anarchism as the absence of government. A leading modern dictionary, Websters Third International Dictionary, defines anarchism briefly but accurately as, a political theory opposed to all forms of government and governmental restraint and advocating voluntary cooperation and free association of individuals and groups in order to satisfy their needs. Other dictionaries describe anarchism with similar definitions. The Britannica-Webster dictionary defines the word anarchism as, a political theory that holds all government authority to be unnecessary and undesirable and advocates a society based on voluntary cooperation of individuals and groups. William Godwin was the first proclaimed anarchist in history and the first to write about anarchism. Godwin published a book called Political Justice in 17 which first introduced his ideas about anarchism, Godwin was forgotten about, however, and after his death Pierre Joseph Proudhon became a leading anarchist figure in the world. His book What is Property? incorporated greater meaning to the word anarchism; anarchism became not only a rejection of established authority but a theory opposing ownership of land and property as well. Anarchism fully blossomed as a defined theory when Russian anarchists Mikhail Bakunin (1814-1876) and Peter Kropotkin (184-11) started to write and speak. Bakunin had a major influence in the world and introduced anarchism to many people. Kropotkin was one of the many people inspired by Bakunin. Kropotkin wrote many books on anarchism, including Muitual Aid, Fields Factories and Workshops, and The Conquest of Bread, and greatly aided in the evolution of the theory of anarchism. As the 0th century emerged anarchism began to peak and the definition of anarchism became concrete with the growth of new anarchist writers and movements. The execution and imprisonment of eight anarchists in Chicago in 1886 sparked anarchisms growth in the United States. The Haymarket Eight flourished anarchists such as Voltairine de Cleyre and Lucy Parsons. Parsons was born into slavery and later became an anarchist and an ardent speaker and working class rebel; the Chicago police labeled Parsons, ...more dangerous than a thousand rioters. Although the word anarchism is understood by many in its classic sense (that defined by dictionaries and by anarchists of history), the word often seems to be misused or misunderstood. Anarchism, because of the threat it imposes upon established authority, has been historically, and is still, misused by power holders as violence and chaos. The claim that anarchism is chaos was refuted long ago by Alexander Berkman when he wrote "I must tell you, first of all, what anarchism is not. It is not bombs, disorder, or chaos. It is not robbery or murder. It is not a war of each against all. It is not a return to barbarianism or to the wild state of man. Anarchism is the very opposite of all that." So, what is anarchism? All of the pro-anarchy sources I found say that, basically, anarchism is a political philosophy that embraces democracy and freedom, and seeks to destroy all forms of coercion and oppression. The root of human oppression is seen as authority and inequality. This is why they think it is the perfect ideological guide for destroying poverty, racism, and sexism. All these oppressions are systems of power based on hierarchy. Hierarchy means top-down, like a pyramid. Hierarchical constructions of power create positions of relative privilege and relative oppression. Capitalism, white supremacy, and patriarchy (male supremacy) are also top-down constructions of power. Anarchism conceptualizes power differently. Instead of power over, anarchism proposes power with, cooperation. This means that social systems and institutions should be based on cooperation and compromising. Power would rest in individuals and the collectives they freely associate into. Anarchism revolves around five basic principles 1) equality; ) democracy; ) free association; 4) mutual aid; 5) diversity. Equality can have many different meanings. In regards to the anarchist political philosophy, they speak of equality in reference to power. This doesnt mean they want a new society based on a totalitarian vision of everyone looking and acting the same, in fact they see strength in diversity. Instead they mean that everyone should have equal access to power, to determine how he or she wants to live his or her lives. It appears the best way for equal power to be institutionalized is through different forms of democracy. Democracy is a vague notion, but in general it seeks to empower everyone to have an equal say in decisions that affect their lives. This is only useful if it extends to all areas of social life. Capitalism is undemocratic, in my opinion, especially when combined with racism and sexism. Free Association is the idea that individuals should not be forced into social arrangements against their will. In the world today if you are born into poverty, most likely you will die in poverty. In America, children cannot expect to live at a higher standard than their parents. In an anarchist society collectives-or organizations, would be created for every purpose humanly desired, of people freely associated with equal power to determine its future. This vision extends to all forms of social arrangements - from your neighborhood, to your city, to a neighborhood restaurant, etc. When people work together they can accomplish much more than when they work against each other. I do believe that social organizations should embrace and encourage this. It may seem like common sense, but when you look around, all you see is how we are constantly pitted against each other. So anarchists do not seek to stifle creativity and individual excellence, but hope to spread it out, and allow everyone to chase their dreams. Diversity in this sense, is the key to survival in the future. The modern drive to standardize everything and apply the assembly line to all aspects of social life has left many alienated and hopeless. Instead of trying to make reality conform to state bureaucrats conceptions of order through imposition of their authority; anarchists believe that social organizations function more effectively for the people involved in them if those same people have the power to shape them in ways they desire. So anarchists support diverse forms of democracy, family organization, production, dancing, loving, eating, whatever. Oh yeah, and being free. Here are my thoughts (they may, at first, seem to be off subject, but in the end you'll nderstand why I begin the way I do) At the moment we live in a society in which there are two major classes - the bosses and the workers. The bosses own the factories, banks, shops, etc. Workers dont. All they have is their labor, which they use to make a living. Workers are compelled to sell their labor to the boss for a wage. The boss is interested in squeezing as much work out of the worker for as little wages as possible so that he/she can maintain high profits. Thus the more wages workers get the less profits the bosses make. Their interests are in total opposition to each other. Production is not based on the needs of ordinary people. Production is for profit. Therefore although there is enough food in the world to feed everyone, people starve because profits come first. This is capitalism. There are other classes in society such as the self- employed and small farmers but fundamentally there are workers and bosses whose interests are in opposition to each other. For workers needs to be fully met we must get rid of the bosses. But this is no easy task. The bosses are organized. They have the media on their side. They also have the State and the force of the army and police that go with it. The state (i.e. governments, armies, courts, police, etc.) is a direct result of the fact that we live in a class society. A society where about 7% of the people own, at least, 85% of the wealth. The state is there to protect the interests of this minority, if not by persuasion then by force. Laws are made not to protect us, but to protect those who own the property. If you haven't already guessed it, I don't care much for capitalism. I think it is very deceiving how we are led to believe that the state is run in our interests. "Don't we have elections to ensure that any government not behaving itself can be brought to task?" you ask. Democracy is about putting numbers on a piece of paper every four years. We are given a choice all right, but between parties who all agree with the system of a tiny minority ruling the country. So, is it possible for anarchy to exist? At the moment capitalism would collapse without the support of the working class. We make everything, we produce all the wealth. The sad thing is, most of the working class does believe America is being run in our interests. So, my answer is no; I don't think anarchy will ever come to be in America. The above paragraphs may make you think that I am now a anarchist. If so, I have misled you. I am against the way our nation is run today, but I do not think anarchy is an applicable alternative. Anarchy sounds as if we could actually live as an utopian society. It is a nice dream, but will never be reality (at least not in my lifetime). When people are free, they are uncontrollable. I like the idea of having groups of different people, with equal power determining how the nation be run, but there needs to be control. I think the only way to come close to having an utopian society, is if someone comes up with a way where we can balance both freedom and control fairly, distribute it equally, and get the working class to believe it will work. Who knows? Maybe someone actually will someday. in America. The above paragraphs may make you think that I am now a anarchist. If so, I have misled you. I am against the way our nation is run today, but I do not think anarchy is an applicable alternative. Anarchy sounds as if we could actually live as an utopian society. It is a nice dream, but will never be reality (at least not in my lifetime). When people are free, they are uncontrollable. I like the idea of having groups of different people, with equal power determining how the nation be run, but there needs to be control. I think the only way to come close to having an utopian society


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Animal testing

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Traditionally, animals have been used to ensure the safety of our consumer products and drugs. Yet around the world, scientists, regulators and animal protectionists work together to develop alternatives to their use. The use of animals in the life sciences dates back to ancient Greece and the earliest medical experiments. To learn about swallowing, physicians cut open into the throat of a living pig. To study the beating heart, they cut open into its chest. For centuries physicians and researchers used animals to enhance their knowledge about how the various organs and systems of the body functioned, as well as to hone their surgical skills.


As long as animals have been used in experiments, people have expressed concerns about such research. Questions about the morality, necessity, and scientific validity of animal experiments have arisen since those ancient physicians first began to study bodily functions. Alternatives are methods, which refine existing tests by minimizing animal distress, reduce the number of animals necessary for an experiment or replace whole animal use with vitro or other tests. While vivisection has received more attention and funding, clinical and epidemiological (studying the natural course of disease within human population) studies have had a much more profound impact on human health. In fact, clinical and epidemiological evidence linking smoking to lung cancer was established long before warnings of the dangers of smoking were released to the general public. Because animal experimentation failed to each the same conclusion, warning labels on cigarettes were delayed for years! During this time hundreds of people died from lung cancer because the results of animal experimentation were considered more valid than studies of human patients. Animal based research is the science of the past. There are a number of alternatives available to modern researchers, which are less expensive, more reliable, and ethically sound. They provide results rapidly, experimental parameters are easily controlled, and their focus on the cellular and molecular levels of the life process provides more useful information about chemicals and drugs, such as "Extacy". High Productive Volume Tests, test a minimal amount of a product on an abundant amount of animals. Two - hundred baby rats, just three weeks old are placed in wire - bottomed stainless - steel cages. Twice daily Monday thru Friday, laboratory workers pull the small mammals from their cages, force steel clamps into their mouths to hold their jaws apart and swab their teeth with an anti - cavity dental chemical. After three weeks, the workers kill the baby rats by cutting off their teeth. The procedures are called "Biological Tests for Tests Flouride Dentifrices" and Determination of Animal Carries Reduction" (http//members.tripod.com/~animalsinprint/) - puzzling terms to most of us. But the meaning is deadly to animals. The officials who order this test work for the U. S. government 's FDA has made exceptions for manufacturers, including Tom's of Maine, that wanted to market new toothpastes without any tests on animals. If some companies can manufacture safe, effective anti - cavity toothpastes without using any animals, why can't all dental product companies stop killing animals?


The Animal Welfare Act sets standards for the housing, handling, feeding, and transportation of experimental animals, but places no limitations whatsoever on the actual experimental conditions and procedures continue to challenge, whether human beings have the right to "use" animals for any purpose. The HPV Program sounds so important, right? Wrong! Because no resulting action will be taken against the chemicals involved in this program. Instead of protecting the public from hazardous chemicals, the EPA will inform us of how quickly mice and rabbits died when force - fed a chemical, or how many mouse pups were stillborn after their mother was force - fed massive quantities of already known toxic chemicals. Every medical advancement has not been a result of animal testing. Results derived from animal experiments have had a very minimal effect on the dramatic rise of life expectancy can be attributed mainly to changes in lifestyles, environmental factors, and improvements in sanitation. Many medical school's in the U. S. do not use animals in the training of medical students. They include NYU, University of Michigan, and SUNY Stonybrook. Actually, most of the medical schools which do use animals allow students the option of foregoing the animal labs. This is because they clearly acknowledge that such labs are not necessary for the training of doctors.


When a newly released drug hits the market, regardless of how many animal tests have been done, those individuals who first use it are "human guinea pigs." Animal tests are not good indicators of what will occur in humans. It has been due, in large part , to the tension between researchers who view laboratory animals as essential to their work and individuals who oppose animal tests that the modern alternatives movement has evolved. The movement began quietly, in 15, with the publication of The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique by British researchers W. Russell and R. Burch. Russell and Burch advocated the "three R's" of replacement, reduction, and refinement. In the 180's and 10's, their philosophy has enabled researchers and animal welfare advocates to come together with a common goal to find scientifically valid alternatives to animal tests. In conclusion, as proven by the Tom's of Maine Co., and with the approval of the FDA, products can be marketed without the practices of animal cruelty. As a form of life, animals acquire natural rights, one being the right to live, not to be exploited and exposed to pain. As best said by animal activist Jon Evans "To inflict cruelties on defenseless creatures, or condone such acts, is to abuse one of the cardinal tenets of a civilized society - reverence for life." Order Custom animal testing paper


Please note that this sample paper on animal testing is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on animal testing, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on animal testing will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.


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